ve groups of human beings
and make them more devoted to their rulers. It is, therefore, not
surprising that the Jews, trained in the spirit of a century-long
repressive legislation, have remained in the category of those
subjects, who are less accurate in the discharge of their civic
duty, who shirk their obligations towards the State, and do not
fully join Russian life. _No less than six hundred and fifty
restrictive laws directed against the Jews may be enumerated in the
Russian Code_, and the discriminations and disabilities implied in
these laws are such that they have naturally resulted in making
until now the life of an enormous majority of the Jews in Russia
exceedingly onerous....

The prejudice against the Jews is largely nurtured by the dislike
which the common people secretly harbor towards them until to-day as
non-Christians.... The names "Non-Christian" and "Christ-killer" may
often be heard from the lips of the Russian common man as abusive
terms directed against the Jew. The attitude of our Church and of
the law of the State towards the Jewish religion is different. For,
while they designate the Jewish religion as a "pseudo-doctrine,"
they nevertheless sanction religious toleration on as large a scale
as possible [?!], and refrain from carrying on a compulsory and
official missionary propaganda.

In the course of the last twenty-five years a new accusation has
been brought forward against the Jews in Russia and those outside of
Russia. The Jews have been found to form a considerable percentage
among the champions of anarchistic and revolutionary doctrines,
consisting mostly of half-educated youngsters who have drifted away
from one shore and have not succeeded in reaching the other. This
extremely deplorable fact is used as evidence for the purpose of
showing that Judaism itself contains within it a destructive force,
and is, therefore, doubly dangerous to State and society. The Jewish
progressives and socialists are wont to speak of their mission to
reconstruct the world and of their innate love of mankind.... These
statements need hardly be taken seriously, for present-day Jewry, by
the very essence of its nature, professes strictly conservative
principles, which to a large extent are egotistic and have for their
aim the practical welfare of its adherents. The interpretation of
the spirit of Judaism in a directly opposite sense