ing the negotiations or in the treaty; but his discontent was
short-lived, and he none the less came to the assistance of Francis I.
in the money-questions to which the treaty gave rise. Of the Italian
states, Venice was most sacrificed in this accommodation between the
kings. "The city of Cambrai," said the doge, Andrew Gritti, "is the
purgatory of the Venetians; it is the place where emperors and kings of
France make the Republic expiate the sin of having ever entered into
alliance with them." Francis went to Bordeaux to meet his sons and his
new wife. At Bordeaux, Cognac, Amboise, Blois, and Paris, galas, both at
court and amongst the people, succeeded one another for six months; and
Europe might consider itself at peace.

The peace of Cambrai was called the ladies' peace, in honor of the two
princesses who had negotiated it. Though morally different and of very
unequal worth, they both had minds of a rare order, and trained to
recognize political necessities, and not to attempt any but possible
successes. They did not long survive their work: Margaret of Austria
died on the 1st of December, 1530, and Louise of Savoy on the 22d of
September, 1531. All the great political actors seemed hurrying away
from the stage, as if the drama were approaching its end. Pope Clement
VII. died on the 26th of September, 1534. He was a man of sense and
moderation; he tried to restore to Italy her independence, but he forgot
that a moderate policy is, above all, that which requires most energy and
perseverance. These two qualities he lacked totally; he oscillated from
one camp to the other without ever having any real influence anywhere. A
little before his death he made France a fatal present; for, on the 28th
of October, 1533, he married his niece Catherine de' Medici to Francis
I.'s second son, Prince Henry of Valois, who by the death of his elder
brother, the Dauphin Francis, soon afterwards became heir to the throne.
The chancellor, Anthony Duprat, too, the most considerable up to that
time amongst the advisers of Francis I., died on the 9th of July, 1535.
According to some historians, when he heard, in the preceding year, of
Pope Clement VII.'s death, he had conceived a hope, being already
Archbishop of Sens, and a cardinal, of succeeding him; and he spoke to
the king about it. "Such an election would cost too dear," said Francis
I.; "the appetite of cardinals is insatiable; I could not satisfy it."
"Sir," replied Dupr