d milk. Man only kept near him a small
flock capable of feeding on a moderate territory. He abandoned his
temporary shelters, tents of skin or of woven wool, and since he must
henceforth live on the same piece of land, he constructed there a
fixed dwelling. Such is, taken altogether, the genesis of the industry
of the dwelling connected with the culture of the soil; to earlier
periods corresponded the natural or hollowed cave and the woven tent.

_The chief industries of Animals._--In a more or less perfect degree
we find the same industries among animals generally. In order to make
just comparisons, we ought especially to consider the methods of those
who are not endowed with specially appropriated organs, for in this
case their task is rendered too simple. To take an example. The Lion
is certainly an incomparable hunter; but his whole organisation tends
to facilitate the capture of living prey. His agility and the strength
of his muscles enable him to seize it at the first leap before it can
escape. With his sharp claws he holds it; his teeth are so keen and
his jaw so strong that he kills it immediately; with such natural
advantages what need has he of ingenuity? But in the case of the Wolf
or the Fox it is quite another matter; they hunt with a veritable art
which Man himself has not disdained, since he has taken as his
associate their relative, the Dog. It is the same with the Eagle and
the Crow. The latter, in order to seize the prey which he desires,
needs much more varied resources than the great bird of rapine for
whom nature has done everything.

We find among animals not only hunting and fishing but the art of
storing in barns, of domesticating various species, of harvesting and
reaping--the rudiments of the chief human industries. Certain animals
in order to shelter themselves take advantage of natural caverns in
the same way as many races of primitive men. Others, like the Fox and
the Rodents, dig out dwellings in the earth; even to-day there are
regions where Man does not act otherwise, preparing himself a lodging
by excavations in the chalk or the tufa. Woven dwellings, constructed
with materials entangled in one another, like the nests of birds,
proceed from the same method of manufacture as the woollen stuffs of
which nomad tribes make their tents. The Termites who construct vast
dwellings of clay, the Beavers who build huts of wood and of mud, have
in this industry reached the same point as Man. They