4.--PIPES RESTING ON THEIR FULL LENGTH 73

FIG. 5.--GREASE-TRAP 79

FIG. 6.--FIELD'S FLUSH-TANK 80

FIG. 7.--THE EMERSON VENTILATOR 86

FIG. 8.--DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING MANNER OF SEWAGE
DISPOSAL AT LENOX, MASS. 97

FIG. 9.--SETTLING BASIN 102

FIG. 10.--ARRANGEMENT OF ABSORPTION DRAINS, 105

FIG. 11.--DIVISION OF FOUR SQUARE MILES WITH
CENTRAL VILLAGE 124

FIG. 12.--DIVISION OF THE CENTRAL VILLAGE 126

FIG. 13.--DIVISION OF THE CENTRAL OPEN SPACE
OF THE VILLAGE 131

FIG. 14.--PRESENT DIVISION AND SETTLEMENT OF
TRACT IN RHODE ISLAND 133

FIG. 15.--THE RHODE ISLAND TRACT WITH ITS
BUILDINGS GATHERED TOGETHER INTO A COMPACT
VILLAGE 135

FIG. 16.--PROPOSED ARRANGEMENT OF THE RHODE
ISLAND FARM VILLAGE 139

VILLAGE IMPROVEMENTS.

It may be because the newness of our country and the fragile character
of our early structures have prevented the accumulation of inferior,
ugly, and uncomfortable houses, as the nucleus around which later
building has crystallized; it may be from circumstances which have
prevented the isolated residence of the better classes of our people; or
it may be the result of accident. Whatever the reason, it is beyond
dispute that the United States is _par excellence_ a land of beautiful
villages. North, south, east, and west, there are plenty of hideous
conglomerations of poor-looking houses, with an absence of every element
of beauty; but there are thousands of other villages scattered all over
the land, which are full of the evidences of good taste in their
regulation and in their management.

As a rule, these more attractive features are very much modified by the
presence of badly-kept private places or neglected public buildings, and
by a general air of untidiness. Still, the foundation of attractiveness
is there; and nothing is needed beyond a well-organized and well-guided
control of public sentiment, to remove or to hide the more objectionable
features, and to permit such beauty as the village may possess to
manifest itself.

The real elements of beauty in a village are not fine houses, costly
fences, paved roadways, geometrical lines, mathematical g