hree classes, of Eupatridae or nobles, Geomori or
farmers, Demiurgi or artisans.

To the Eupatridae he assigned the care of religious rites, the supply of
magistrates for the city, and the interpretation of the laws and customs
sacred or profane; yet he placed them on an equality with the other
citizens, thinking that the nobles would always excel in dignity, the
farmers in usefulness, and the artisans in numbers. Aristotle tells us
that he was the first who inclined to democracy, and gave up the title
of king; and Homer seems to confirm this view by speaking of the people
of the Athenians alone of all the states mentioned in his catalogue of
ships.

Theseus also struck money with the figure of a bull, either alluding to
the bull of Marathon, or Taurus, Minos' general, or else to encourage
farming among the citizens. Hence, they say, came the words, "worth
ten," or "worth a hundred oxen." He permanently annexed Megara to
Attica, and set up the famous pillar on the Isthmus, on which he wrote
the distinction between the countries in two trimeter lines, of which
the one looking east says,

"This is not Peloponnesus, but Ionia,

and the one looking west says,

"This is Peloponnesus, not Ionia."

And also he instituted games there, in emulation of Heracles; that, just
as Heracles had ordained that the Greeks should celebrate the Olympic
games in honor of Zeus, so by Theseus' appointment they should celebrate
the Isthmian games in honor of Poseidon.

THE FORMATION OF THE CASTES IN INDIA

B.C. 1200

GUSTAVE LE BON[23] W.W. HUNTER

The institution of caste was not peculiar to India. In Rome there
was a long struggle over the connubium. Among the Greeks the right
of commensality, or eating together, was restricted. In fact, the
phenomena of caste are world-wide in their extent. In India the
priests and nobles contended for the first place. India had
progressed along the line of ethnic evolution from a loose
confederacy of tribes into several nations, ruled by kings and
priests, and the iron fetters of caste were becoming more rigidly
welded. At first the father of the family was the priest. Then the
chiefs and sages took the office of spiritual guide, and conducted
the sacrifices. As writing was unknown, the liturgies were learned
by heart, and handed down in families. The exclusive knowledge of
the ancient hymns became hereditary, as