., 62. "_If I were loved_, and, _were I loved_,
imply, I am _not_ loved; _if I were not loved_, and, _were I not loved_,
imply, I am loved; a negative sentence implies an affirmation; and an
affirmative sentence implies a negation, in these forms of the
subjunctive."--_Ib._, Old Ed., p. 73; Ster. Ed., 72.

"What is Rule III.?"--_Hart's Gram._, p. 114. "How is Rule III.
violated?"--_Ib._, p. 115. "How do you parse 'letter' in the sentence,
'James writes a _letter'? Ans._--'Letter is a noun com., of the MASC.
gend., in the 3d p., sing. num., and _objective case_, and is governed by
the verb 'writes,' according to Rule III., which says. 'A transitive verb,'
&c."--_Ib._, p. 114.[465]

"Creation sleeps. 'T is as the general pulse
Of life stood still, and nature made a pause;
An awful pause! prophetic of her end,
And let her prophecy be soon fulfilled;
Fate drop the curtain; I can lose no more."--_Hallock's Gram._, p. 216.

SECTION V.--THE DASH.

The Dash is mostly used to denote an unexpected or emphatic pause, of
variable length; but sometimes it is a sign of faltering, or of the
irregular stops of one who hesitates in speaking: as, "Then, after many
pauses, and inarticulate sounds, he said: 'He was very sorry for it, was
extremely concerned it should happen so--but--a--it was necessary--a--'
Here lord E------ stopped him short, and bluntly demanded, if his post were
destined for an other."--See _Churchill's Gram._, p. 170.

RULE I.--ABRUPT PAUSES.

A sudden interruption, break, or transition, should be marked with the
dash; as, 1. "'I must inquire into the affair; and if'--'And _if_!'
interrupted the farmer." 2. "Whom I--But first 't is fit the billows to
restrain."--_Dryd. Virg._ 3. "HERE LIES THE GREAT--False marble! where?
Nothing but sordid dust lies here."--_Young_.

RULE II.--EMPHATIC PAUSES.

To mark a considerable pause, greater than the structure or the sentence or
the points inserted would seem to require, the dash may be employed; as, 1.
"I pause for a reply.--None?--Then none have I offended.--I have done no
more to Caesar, than you should do to Brutus."--SHAKSPEARE: _Enfields
Speaker_, p. 182.

2. "Tarry a little. There is something else.--
This bond--doth give thee here--no jot of blood."
--ID.: _Burgh's Sp._, p. 167.

3. "It thunders;--but it thunders to preserve."--_Young_.

4. "Behold the picture!--Is it like?--Like whom?"--_Cowper_.

RULE III.--FA