_Mem_. book viii. p. 416.

[279] Brienne, _Mem_. vol. i. p. 300 _note_.

[280] Deageant, _Mem_. p. 48. Le Vassor, vol. i. pp. 625, 626.

[281] Brienne, _Mem_. vol. i. p. 329.

[282] Alphonse d'Ornano, colonel-general of the Corsican troops in the
French service, and himself a native of Corsica, was the son of San
Pietro di Bastelica, a man of low birth, who attained to the rank of
colonel of the Corsican infantry in France, and who married (in 1548)
Vanina d'Ornano, the daughter and heiress of one of the most wealthy
nobles in Corsica. The avowed enemy of the Genoese, by whom himself and
his family were proscribed and banished from their native island, San
Pietro strangled his wife with his own hands on discovering that she had
attempted to escape from Marseilles in order to obtain a revocation of
the edict issued by the Genoese in 1563. Alphonse, the son of San
Pietro, to whom his very name had become odious, adopted that of his
mother, under which he rendered important services to Henri IV during
the wars of the League, and by whom he was first appointed lieutenant of
the King in Dauphiny, and subsequently Marshal of France (1595). He died
in 1620, at the age of seventy-two. He was a man of probity, but had
inherited the violent character of his father.

[283] Le Vassor, vol. i. pp. 625-632. Brienne, _Mem_. vol. i. p. 327.
Sismondi, vol. xxii. pp. 393-395. Mezeray, vol. xi. pp. 134-136.
Matthieu, _Hist. des Derniers Troubles_, book iii. p. 603.

[284] Richelieu, Unpublished MSS. The words underlined in the text are
in the Cardinal's autograph on the margin of the manuscript.

[285] Brienne, _Mem_. vol. i. p. 327.

[286] Le Vassor, vol. i. p. 637. Sismondi, vol. xxii. p. 396.

[287] _Lumieres pour l'Histoire de France_. Le Vassor, vol. i. pp. 634,
635.

[288] The Marquis de Bressieux was first equerry to Marie de Medicis.

[289] Siri, _Mem. Rec_. vol. iv. pp. 61, 62.

[290] Rambure, MS. _Mem_. vol. vii. p. 66. Mezeray, vol. xi. p. 138.
Bassompierre, _Mem_. p. 126.

[291] Louis, Sieur du Rouvray, was a Norman noble, and a descendant of
the celebrated Louis du Rouvray, who was one of the hundred and eighty
devoted men who in 1421 shut themselves up in the Mont Saint-Michel, in
order to defend it against the English.

[292] Richelieu, _Hist. de la Mere et du Fils_, vol. i. p. 219.

CHAPTER X

1617

The Comte de la Pena--Anne of Austria and the orphan--Popular atrocities
--The wages of crime--Submi