inent. Alsatians, Poles, Czechs, Finns,
Serbo-Croats, Roumanians, and the rest "still struggle for country and
liberty; for a word inscribed upon a banner, proclaiming to the world
that they also live, think, love, and labour for the benefit of all." The
framework of society does not fit the facts of nationality, and so the
framework has gone to pieces. "The map of Europe has to be re-made. That is
the key to the present movement."

BOOKS

I. NATIONALITY

MAZZINI. _Essays_. The Scott Library. 1s.

MAZZINI. _Duties of Man_, etc. Everyman Library. 1s.

Anything written by Mazzini, the prophet of the national idea, can be
recommended.

LORD ACTON. _History of Freedom and other Essays_. 1907. 10s. net.

Contains an acute historical analysis of nationality in the nineteenth
century. The conclusion reached is that "the theory of nationality is more
absurd and more criminal than the theory of socialism," but though the
summing up is unfavourable, the whole essay is a masterly exposition of the
national idea by one of the greatest of historical students. It forms a
very useful foil to Mazzini.

HENRY SIDGWICK. _The Elements of Politics_. 1897. 14s. net.

Chapter xiv., on "The Area of Government," contains useful paragraphs
on the distinction between Nation, State, and Nationality; see esp. pp.
222-225.

SIR JOHN SEELEY. _The Expansion of England_. First published in 1883. 4s.
net.

SIR JOHN SEELEY. _Introduction to Political Science_. 1896. 4s. net.

Both these books, the first in particular, are important in this
connection. There is no one chapter or section devoted exclusively to the
consideration of nationality, but there are constant references to the
subject. The point of view is, moreover, instructive. Seeley is, perhaps,
the nearest English approach to Treitschke.

J.M. ROBERTSON. _Introduction to English Politics_. 1900. 10s. 6d. net.

Critical from the Rationalistic as Acton is from the Catholic point of
view. See esp. Part V., "The Fortunes of the Lesser European States," which
after a preliminary essay on Nationality, which the author declares to be
"essentially a metaphysical dream," while "the motive spirit in it partakes
much of the nature of superstition," goes on to give a valuable account of
the development of the "small nations," Holland, Switzerland, Portugal,
etc., by way of showing their value to civilisation as a whole.

P. MILYOUKOV. _Russia and its Crisis_. 1905. 13s. 6d.

Chap