he capacity for
articulate speech, but is far enough from being the seat of the faculty
of language in its entirety.

In a similar way, most of the supposed isolated "faculties" of higher
intellection appear, upon clearer analysis, as complex aggregations of
primary sensations, and hence necessarily dependent upon numerous and
scattered centres. Some "faculties," as memory and volition, may be
said in a sense to be primordial endowments of every nerve cell--even
of every body cell. Indeed, an ultimate analysis relegates all
intellection, in its primordial adumbrations, to every particle of
living matter. But such refinements of analysis, after all, cannot hide
the fact that certain forms of higher intellection involve a pretty
definite collocation and elaboration of special sensations. Such
specialization, indeed, seems a necessary accompaniment of mental
evolution. That every such specialized function has its localized
centres of co-ordination, of some such significance as the demonstrated
centres of articulate speech, can hardly be in doubt--though this, be it
understood, is an induction, not as yet a demonstration. In other
words, there is every reason to believe that numerous "centres," in
this restricted sense, exist in the brain that have as yet eluded the
investigator. Indeed, the current conception regards the entire cerebral
cortex as chiefly composed of centres of ultimate co-ordination of
impressions, which in their cruder form are received by more primitive
nervous tissues--the basal ganglia, the cerebellum and medulla, and the
spinal cord.

This, of course, is equivalent to postulating the cerebral cortex as
the exclusive seat of higher intellection. This proposition, however,
to which a safe induction seems to lead, is far afield from the
substantiation of the old conception of brain localization, which
was based on faulty psychology and equally faulty inductions from few
premises. The details of Gall's system, as propounded by generations of
his mostly unworthy followers, lie quite beyond the pale of scientific
discussion. Yet, as I have said, a germ of truth was there--the idea
of specialization of cerebral functions--and modern investigators have
rescued that central conception from the phrenological rubbish heap in
which its discoverer unfortunately left it buried.

THE MINUTE STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN

The common ground of all these various lines of investigations of
pathologist, anatomist, physio