xi.-xiv. p.
136-340,) and is spread over the ixth and xth volumes of the Italian
Annals of Muratori. In the Bibliotheque Italique (tom. i. p. 175-122,)
I find a useful abstract of Capacelatro, a modern Neapolitan, who has
composed, in two volumes, the history of his country from Roger Frederic
II. inclusive.]

[Footnote 98: According to the testimony of Philistus and Diodorus, the
tyrant Dionysius of Syracuse could maintain a standing force of 10,000
horse, 100,000 foot, and 400 galleys. Compare Hume, (Essays, vol. i. p.
268, 435,) and his adversary Wallace, (Numbers of Mankind, p. 306, 307.)
The ruins of Agrigentum are the theme of every traveller, D'Orville,
Reidesel, Swinburne, &c.]

[Footnote 99: A contemporary historian of the acts of Roger from the
year 1127 to 1135, founds his title on merit and power, the consent
of the barons, and the ancient royalty of Sicily and Palermo, without
introducing Pope Anacletus, (Alexand. Coenobii Telesini Abbatis de Rebus
gestis Regis Rogerii, lib. iv. in Muratori, Script. Rerum Ital. tom. v.
p. 607-645)]

[Footnote 100: The kings of France, England, Scotland, Castille,
Arragon, Navarre, Sweden, Denmark, and Hungary. The three first were
more ancient than Charlemagne; the three next were created by their
sword; the three last by their baptism; and of these the king of Hungary
alone was honored or debased by a papal crown.]

[Footnote 101: Fazellus, and a crowd of Sicilians, had imagined a more
early and independent coronation, (A.D. 1130, May 1,) which Giannone
unwillingly rejects, (tom. ii. p. 137-144.) This fiction is disproved
by the silence of contemporaries; nor can it be restored by a spurious
character of Messina, (Muratori, Annali d' Italia, tom. ix. p. 340.
Pagi, Critica, tom. iv. p. 467, 468.)]

[Footnote 102: Roger corrupted the second person of Lothaire's army, who
sounded, or rather cried, a retreat; for the Germans (says Cinnamus,
l. iii. c. i. p. 51) are ignorant of the use of trumpets. Most ignorant
himself! * Note: Cinnamus says nothing of their ignorance.--M]

As a penance for his impious war against the successor of St. Peter,
that monarch might have promised to display the banner of the cross,
and he accomplished with ardor a vow so propitious to his interest and
revenge. The recent injuries of Sicily might provoke a just retaliation
on the heads of the Saracens: the Normans, whose blood had been mingled
with so many subject streams, were encouraged to r