and people; of the people to obey his commands, of the prince
to consult their happiness and glory.

[Footnote 17: A bishop of Wurtzburgh submitted his opinion to a
reverend abbot; but he more gravely decided, that Gog and Magog were the
spiritual persecutors of the church; since Gog signifies the root,
the pride of the Heresiarchs, and Magog what comes from the root, the
propagation of their sects. Yet these men once commanded the respect of
mankind, (Fleury, Hist. Eccles. tom. xi. p. 594, &c.)]

[Footnote 18: The two national authors, from whom I have derived the
mos assistance, are George Pray (Dissertationes and Annales veterum Hun
garorum, &c., Vindobonae, 1775, in folio) and Stephen Katona, (Hist.
Critica Ducum et Regum Hungariae Stirpis Arpadianae, Paestini,
1778-1781, 5 vols. in octavo.) The first embraces a large and
often conjectural space; the latter, by his learning, judgment, and
perspicuity, deserves the name of a critical historian. * Note: Compare
Engel Geschichte des Ungrischen Reichs und seiner Neben lander, Halle,
1797, and Mailath, Geschichte der Magyaren, Wien, 1828. In an appendix
to the latter work will be found a brief abstract of the speculations
(for it is difficult to consider them more) which have been advanced by
the learned, on the origin of the Magyar and Hungarian names. Compare
vol. vi. p. 35, note.--M.]

[Footnote 19: The author of this Chronicle is styled the notary of King
Bela. Katona has assigned him to the xiith century, and defends his
character against the hypercriticism of Pray. This rude annalist must
have transcribed some historical records, since he could affirm
with dignity, rejectis falsis fabulis rusticorum, et garrulo cantu
joculatorum. In the xvth century, these fables were collected
by Thurotzius, and embellished by the Italian Bonfinius. See the
Preliminary Discourse in the Hist. Critica Ducum, p. 7-33.]

[Footnote 20: See Constantine de Administrando Imperio, c. 3, 4, 13,
38-42, Katona has nicely fixed the composition of this work to the
years 949, 950, 951, (p. 4-7.) The critical historian (p. 34-107)
endeavors to prove the existence, and to relate the actions, of a first
duke Almus the father of Arpad, who is tacitly rejected by Constantine.]

[Footnote 21: Pray (Dissert. p. 37-39, &c.) produces and illustrates
the original passages of the Hungarian missionaries, Bonfinius and
Aeneas Sylvius.]

[Footnote 2111: In the deserts to the south-east of Astrakhan have