d scholar." Nelson was himself a master
who made many good scholars.

M. Thiers, having described the great naval battle of Abukir with
tolerable fairness, admits that it was the most disastrous that the
French navy had yet experienced--one from which the most fatal military
consequences might be apprehended. The news of the disaster caused a
momentary despair in the French army. Bonaparte received the
intelligence with calmness. "Well," he exclaimed, "we must die here; or
go forth, great, as were the ancients." He wrote to Kleber, "We must do
great things"; and Kleber replied, "Yes, we must do great things: I
prepare my faculties." It would have been fortunate for the fame of
Bonaparte, if he had abstained from doing some of "the great things"
which he accomplished while he remained in the East.

The victory of Nelson formed the great subject of congratulation in the
royal speech, when the session was opened on November 20th. "By this
great and brilliant victory, an enterprise of which the injustice,
perfidy, and extravagance had fixed the attention of the world, and was
peculiarly directed against some of the most valuable interests of the
British Empire, has, in the first instance, been turned to the confusion
of its authors."

FOOTNOTES:

[46] The "Battle of the Baltic," April 2, 1801.--ED.

JENNER INTRODUCES VACCINATION

A.D. 1798

SIR THOMAS J. PETTIGREW

In the advance of medical science no more famous discovery
has been made than that of vaccination, that is, inoculation
with the modified virus of a disease, thereby causing a mild
form of it, in order to prevent a virulent attack. This
treatment has in recent years been applied by the use of
various serums and antitoxins against different diseases;
but, originally and specifically, vaccination, as now
understood, is inoculation with cowpox for the prevention of
smallpox.

Jenner's work in connection with the modern introduction of
this practice is fully described in the following pages. In
a more primitive manner inoculation against smallpox was
practised many centuries ago in India, China, and other
lands. The first modern accounts of it are said to have been
given by a Turkish physician in 1714. In England it was
first actually employed through the efforts of Lady Mary
Wortley Montagu, who (1716-1718) had observed it in
Constantinople, and there seen h