avy, and Air Force - have been
demobilized but still exist on paper unless they are
constitutionally abolished (2007)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 2,047,083
females age 16-49: 2,047,953 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 1,303,743
females age 16-49: 1,332,316 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 105,655
female: 104,376 (2008 est.)

Military expenditures:

0.4% of GDP (2006)

Transnational Issues
Haiti

Disputes - international:

since 2004, about 8,000 peacekeepers from the UN Stabilization
Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) maintain civil order in Haiti; despite
efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians cross into the
Dominican Republic and sail to neighboring countries; Haiti claims
US-administered Navassa Island

Illicit drugs:

Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and
Europe; substantial bulk cash smuggling activity; Colombian
narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial
transactions; pervasive corruption; significant consumer of cannabis

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

======================================================================

@Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Introduction
Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Background:

These uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands were transferred
from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal
and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.

Geography
Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Location:

islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from
Madagascar to Antarctica

Geographic coordinates:

53 06 S, 72 31 E

Map references:

Antarctic Region

Area:

total: 412 sq km
land: 412 sq km
water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

101.9 km

Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Climate:

antarctic

Terrain:

Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by
a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak);
McDonald Islands - small and rocky

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mawson Peak, on Big Ben 2,745 m

Natural resources:

fish

Land