ic, and assume the glorious name of _Roman Republic_.
All this was very little in harmony with the sentiments which were
expressed at the commencement of the popular movements. With regard to
these sentiments, which were so loudly and apparently also so sincerely
proclaimed, new light was dispensed. Mazzini arrived at Rome as a deputy
to the Revolutionary Convention. He had no sooner taken his place there
than he declared that the reiterated _vivats_ in honor of the reforming
Pope were lies, and were had recourse to in order to conceal designs which
it was not yet time to reveal. Is there not reason to believe that the new
watchword, "Live the Roman people!" was equally sincere? It is well known
that they never would admit a fair representation of the people. And had
they not declared that they are incapable of governing themselves, and
must be ruled with a rod of iron?

(M7) Public opinion at the same time gave the lie to their unwarrantable
pretensions. The revolutionary chiefs gave out in an official
proclamation, "that a republic had arisen at Rome on the ruins of the
Papal Throne, which the unanimous voice of Europe, the malediction of all
civilized people and the spirit of the Gospel, had levelled in the dust."
Not only the nations of Europe, but also the whole civilized world and
people, the most remote, who scarcely yet enjoyed the blessings of
civilization, made haste to deny an assertion which was as false as it was
audacious. All the nations of Christendom were deeply moved when they
heard of the outrages which the Roman populace had heaped upon the common
Father of the faithful. Compassion was universally expressed, together
with professions of duty and obedience, whilst there was only indignation
at the base conduct of the faction which persecuted him. There was
scarcely a Sovereign Prince in Europe who did not send to Pius IX. most
affectionate letters, expressive of reverence and devotedness, whilst they
promised assistance and defence. The four Catholic Powers, and not without
the consent of the other States, united in order to drive the rebels from
Rome and the Roman States, and restore to the Pontiff his temporality. In
the representative assemblies of France and Spain, the most eloquent
orators upheld the rights of the Holy See, the utility and necessity of
the complete independence of the Roman Pontiff, both for the government of
his States and the exercise of his spiritual power. At the same time
num