sent passage Moses terms the earth _haadama_. In the passage
following, "A fugitive and a wanderer shalt thou be in the earth" he
uses the term _arez_. Now _adama_ signifies, according to grammatical
interpreters, that part of the earth which is cultivated, where trees
grow and other fruits of the earth adapted for food. But _arez_
signifies the whole earth, whether cultivated or uncultivated. This
curse, therefore, properly has reference to the part of the earth
cultivated for food. And the curse implies that where one ear of wheat
brings forth three hundred grains for Adam, it should bring forth
scarcely ten grains for Cain the murderer; and this for the purpose
that Cain might behold on every side God's hatred and punishment of
the shedding of blood.

V. 12b. _A fugitive and a wanderer (vagabond) shalt thou be in the
earth._

189. This is a third punishment resting on murderers to our day. For,
unless they find reconciliation, they have nowhere a fixed abode or a
secure dwelling-place.

We find here, in the original, two words, _No Vanod_, signifying
vagabond and fugitive. The distinction I make between them is, that
_No_ designates the uncertainty of one's dwelling-place. An
illustration is furnished by the Jews, who have no established
habitation, but fear every hour lest they be compelled to wander
forth. _Nod_, on the other hand, signifies the uncertainty of finding
the dwelling-place sought; with the uncertainty of a present permanent
dwelling-place there is linked the uncertainty of a goal to strive for
when the present uncertain dwelling-place must be abandoned. Thus, the
punishment contains two features, the insecurity of the present
dwelling-place and a lack of knowledge whither to turn when thrust
forth from the insecure abode of the present. In this sense the term
is used in Psalm 109, 10: "Let his children be continually
_vagabonds_." That means, Nowhere shall they find a certain abode; if
they are in Greece this year, they shall migrate to Italy the next,
and so from place to place.

190. Just such is evidently the miserable state of the Jews at the
present day. They can fix their dwelling-place nowhere permanently.
And to such evil God adds this other in the case of Cain, that when he
should be driven from one place of abode he should not know where to
turn, and thus should live suspended, as it were, between heaven and
earth, not knowing where to abide nor where to look for a permanent
place of r