ties. It
prefers a poor, gravelly soil, and is found in summer.

The stem is hollow and its gills are white. The cap is variously
colored, white, orange, yellow, or even brilliant red, and dotted over
with corklike particles or warty scales which are easily rubbed off.
There is a large, drooping collar about the upper part of the hollow,
white stem, and the latter is scaly below with a bulbous enlargement
at its base.

The young mushrooms, or buttons, do not exhibit the dotted cap, and
the bulbous scaly base may be left in the ground when the mushroom is
picked. The _fly amanita_ is usually larger than the common mushroom.

[Illustration: FIG. 40.

A POISONOUS FUNGUS.

(_Amanita Muscaria._)

The Fly Agaric.]

=Death Cup or Deadly Agaric= (_Amanita Phalloides_).--This species is
more fatal in its effects than the preceding. Its salient feature is a
bulbous base surmounted and surrounded by a collar or cup out of which
the stem grows. This is often buried beneath the ground, however, so
that it may escape notice. The gills and stem are white like the
preceding, but the cap is usually not dotted but glossy, white,
greenish, or yellow. There is also a broad, noticeable ring about the
stem, as in the _fly amanita_. This mushroom frequents moist, shady
spots, also along the borders of fields. It occurs singly, and rarely
in fields or pastures.

[Illustration: FIG. 41.

THE DEADLY AGARIC.

(_Amanita Phalloides._)

This variety is very poisonous.]

FOOTNOTES:

[9] The shaggy mane has white gills, but its other features are
characteristic.

Part III

THE HOUSE AND GROUNDS

BY

GEORGE M. PRICE

_Acknowledgment_

We beg to tender grateful acknowledgment to author and publisher for
the use of Dr. George M. Price's valuable articles on sanitation. The
following extracts are taken from Dr. Price's "Handbook on
Sanitation," published by John Wiley & Son, and are covered by
copyright.

CHAPTER I

=Soil and Sites=

=Definition.=--By the term "soil" we mean the superficial layer of the
earth, a result of the geological disintegration of the primitive rock
by the action of the elements upon it and of the decay of vegetable
and animal life.

=Composition.=--Soil consists of solids, water, and air.

=Solids.=--The solid constituents of the soil are inorganic and
organic in character.

The inorganic constituents are the various minerals and elements found
alone, or in combinatio