elay; 3 cellular
networks; local exchanges 56.6% digital

international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat, NA Eutelsat,
2 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions), and 1 Intersputnik
(Atlantic Ocean region)

Portugal:
general assessment: undergoing rapid development in
recent years, Portugal's telephone system, by the end of 1998,
achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed
capabilities and a main line telephone density of 53%

domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire,
microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations

international: 6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3
Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat;
tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat
(Atlantic Ocean region) is planned

Puerto Rico:
general assessment: modern system, integrated with
that of the US by high-capacity submarine cable and Intelsat with
high-speed data capability

domestic: digital telephone system; cellular telephone service

international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; submarine
cable to US

Qatar:
general assessment: modern system centered in Doha

domestic: NA

international: tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio
relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE;
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian
Ocean) and 1 Arabsat

Reunion:
general assessment: adequate system; principal center is
Saint-Denis

domestic: modern open wire and microwave radio relay network

international: radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France,
Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth
station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)

Romania:
general assessment: poor domestic service, but improving

domestic: 90% of telephone network is automatic; trunk network is
mostly microwave radio relay, with some fiber-optic cable; about
one-third of exchange capacity is digital; roughly 3,300 villages
have no service

international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; new digital,
international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest; note -
Romania is an active participant in several international
telecommunication network projects (1999)

Russia:
general assessment: the telephone system has undergone
significant changes in the 1990s; there are mo