from the lower end of the instrument; the hand is wrongly given according
to our standards, the little finger being flourished in the air. The
tabor is suspended from the hand as in the English style, and is struck
on the snare side.

In Kemp's _Nine Daies Wonder_ (see above p. 102) the drawing of the pipe
is not instructive.

In Strutt's _Sports and Pastimes_ there are several early drawings of
performers on the 3-holed pipe. The grip in the majority is correct,
_i.e._ there are three fingers visible, two covering the holes and the
ring finger gripping against the little finger underneath. The
illustrations are also correct in the fingers being close to the lower
end of the pipe.

In Betley Hall, Staffordshire, is a painted glass window, probably dating
from 1535, in which a piper is represented. Mr. Tollet, a former squire
of Betley, gave an account of it in Johnson and Steevens' Shakspeare,
which is reprinted in a privately published book by Barthomley. The pipe
is a conical tube, on which four fingers are represented; it could not, I
believe, have been drawn from a model.

In Mahillon's _Catalogue_ i., p. 375, is a figure of a Basque playing a
3-holed pipe, and accompanying himself on the tountouna, a rough stringed
instrument. The grip seems to be carefully drawn, but it is hard to see
how it could be efficient, only two fingers being seen on the upper
surface of the pipe. On the other hand, in a photograph of a Basque
playing the same instrument (which I owe to the kindness of a
correspondent), the grip is like that figured by Mahillon.

Finally, in _Punch_, November 13, 1907, a 3-holed pipe is incorrectly
drawn. The bore of the instrument is conical, the holes are incorrectly
given, and the hand is wrong.

APPENDIX II
THE FINGERING OF THE 3-HOLED PIPER

The following diagram gives the fingerings which I have found to be best
for a 3-holed pipe, a copy of an old one in the possession of Mr.
Manning, of Oxford, to whom I am indebted for much kindly assistance.

[Picture: Fig. 6. 3-holed pipe fingering]

The fingerings are given for the keys D and G. I have not attempted to
play in other keys. For each note the upper circle represents the
thumbhole; 1 and 2 are for the first and second fingers respectively.
The black circles are supposed to be closed, the white are open. Holes
that are half open are represented by circles half white, half black. In
the case of A2 and B2