beginning
to be used for the _chaussees_.]

[Footnote 43: The three officers were, Lieutenants von Bluecher, von
Lepel, and von Treskow; the three Prebendaries, von Korff, von
Boesclager, at Eggermuhlen, and von Merode.]

[Footnote 44: Ministerial decrees setting aside the course of justice.]

[Footnote 45: Vinke had succeeded Stein as First President.]

[Footnote 46: Alliance of students in Germany.]

[Footnote 47: In the number of 247,000 soldiers the volunteers are not
included, because they in general consisted of those who were not
native Prussians. Beitzke's calculation, which we here take because it
is lowest, undoubtedly includes the Landwehr, and the squadrons which,
in the course of the campaign, were formed on the other side of the
Elbe; there are, therefore, about 20,000 men to be abstracted from his
amount. But as his reckoning only comprehends, the strength of the army
in the field, which up to the battle of Leipzig was almost entirely
gathered from the old Prussian territory, his figures may be considered
rather too low than too high. In 1815, the proportion of soldiers to
population was still more striking. East Prussia contributed then seven
per cent, of its inhabitants, each seventh man was sent to the war;
there remained scarcely any but children and old people in the country,
very few from 18 to 40.

The amount of the population is reckoned according to the last official
census of 1810. Prussia, after the peace of Tilsit, had been obliged to
cede New Silesia to Poland, and thus since 1806 had lost more than
300,000 men. No increase, therefore, of the population can be assumed
up to the spring of 1813. The chief fortresses, also, were in the hands
of the French, and their inhabitants should be deducted from any
calculation of the efforts of the people. According to the proportion
of 1813, Berlin as at present, could bring into the field an army of
from 23,000 to 25,000 men; Leipzig, four battalions; and the Dukedom of
Coburg-Gotha seven battalions, amounting to 1000 men.]

[Footnote 48: Schlosser, "Erlebnisse inns Sachsischen Landpredigers,"
from 1806 to 1815, p. 66. The foreign nations, Portuguese and Italians,
were more moderate.]

[Footnote 49: Schlosser, "Erlebnisse," p. 129.]

[Footnote 50: It may be allowable to introduce here some extracts from
the receipts which Heun brought forward in the newspapers. What was
placed at the head of them was accidental, especially as his lists only