vil which I
would not, that do I. I delight in the law of God after the _inner man_,
but I see _another law in my members_ warring against the law of my
mind." Xenophon gives, in the Cyropedia, a remarkable speech, expressing
almost precisely the same idea. Araspes, a young nobleman of Media, is
overwhelmed with mortification on being detected by Cyrus in an
indiscretion in regard to a captive princess. Chided by Cyrus, "Alas,"
said he, "now I am come to a knowledge of myself, and find most plainly
that I have two souls: one that inclines me to good, another that
incites me to evil ..."--the animal versus the spiritual nature,
referred to by St. Paul.
In another place St. Paul, speaking of the "Word of God," says it is
"quick and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even
to the _dividing asunder of soul and spirit_, and of the joints and
marrow...." Heb. iv. 12. Hence we may term the two elements of our
duality _soul_ and _spirit_, they being two separate and distinct
entities.
The learned Doctor Whedon, in commenting on the forty-fourth verse of
the fifteenth chapter of Paul's Epistle to the Corinthians, where the
great apostle speaks of the resurrection, says the expression natural
body, as distinct from spiritual body, fails utterly to convey to the
mind of the English reader the apostle's true idea. "If," he says, "we
assume a difference between soul and spirit, and coin the word
_soulical_ as the antithesis of _spiritual_, we present his exact idea.
The Greek word _psyche_, soul or life, when used as antithetical to
_pneuma_, spirit, signifies that animating, formative, and thinking soul
or _anima_ which belongs to the animal, and which man, as animal, shares
as his lower nature with other animals. Its range is within the limits
of the five senses, within which limits it is able to think and to
reason. Such is the power of the highest animals. Overlying this is the
spirit which man shares with higher natures, by which thought transcends
the range of the senses, and man thinks of immensity, eternity,
infinity, immortality, the beautiful, the holy, and God--it is certain
that man's mind possesses both these classes or sets of thought." Now in
regard to the higher of these elements, there are very many well
authenticated cases where the extreme susceptibility of the mind (the
seat of these elements) to outward impressions, and the reaction of the
mental sensation on the nervous system, has led
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