ese early immigrants. 166
Native character; idiosyncracies and characteristics. 167
Notion of sleep. "Castila!". 169
Tagalog and Visayo hospitality. The native's good
qualities. 172
Native aversion to discipline; bravery; resignation;
geniality. 175
Mixed races. Native physiognomy; marriages; minors' rights. 176
Family names. The _Catapusan_. 179
Dancing; the _Balitao_; the _Comitan_. The _Asuan_. 180
Mixed marriages. The Half-caste (_Mestizo_). 181
The Shrines and Saints. The Holy Child of Cebu. St. Francis
of Tears. 183
Our Lady of Cagsaysay. The Virgin of Antipolo. 184
Miraculous Saints. _Santones_. Native Conception of
Religion. 187
Musical talent. Slavery. Education in Spanish times. 190
The Intellectuals. The Illiterates. State aid for Schools. 192
The Athenaeum. Girls' Colleges. St. Thomas' University. 194
The Nautical School. The provincial student. Talented
natives. 195
Diseases. Leprosy. Insanity. Death-rate. Sanitation. 197

_Chapter_ XII

_The Religious Orders_

Their early co-operation a necessity. 199
Their power and influence. 200
Opinions for and against that power. 201
The Spanish parish priest. Father Piernavieja. 202
Virtueless friars. Monastic persecution. 204
The Hierarchy. The Orders. Church revenues and State aid. 206
Rivalry of Religious Orders. Papal intervention to ensure
peace. 209

_Chapter_ XIII

_Spanish Insular Government_

The _Encomiendas_. The Trading-Governors. 211
The Judge-Governors (_Alcalde Mayor_). The Reforms of 1886. 213
Cost of Spanish Insular Government. The Provincial Civil
Governor's duties. 214
The position of Provincial Civil Governor. Local
Funds. Provincial poverty. 216
Highways and Public Works. Cause of national decay. 218
Fortunes made easily. Peculations. Town Local Government. 220
The _Gobernadorcillo_ (petty-governor). The _Cabeza de
Barangay_ (Tax-collector). 222
The _Cuadrillero_ (guard). The _Fallas_ (tax). The _Cedula
personal_. 224
The _Tribunal_ (town hall). Reforms affecting travellers. 225

_Chapter_ XIV

_Spanish-Philippine Finances_

Philippine budgets. Curious items of revenue and
expenditure. 227
Spanish-Philippine army, police, and constabulary
statistics. 230
The armed forces in the olden times. 232
Spanish-Philippine n