Black Sea, as far as the Straits of Yenikale; its subdivisions
are Lesghian, Kistian, and Circassian, each with its dialects.
Formerly the Circassians numbered about 500,000, but large numbers
of them emigrated to European Turkey, where they were dexterously
planted by the government to impede the social progress of their
Bulgarian and Greek subjects.

(b) The Southern Division, comprising Georgian, Suanian, Mingrelian,
and Lazian.

8. The German race, in number about 1,000,000. The Germans are
chiefly in the Baltic provinces, in the government of St. Petersburg,
in the Grand Duchy of Finland, and the colonies, especially those on
the lower Volga, the Don, the Crimea, and New Russia. The Germans
have acquired great influence throughout the country; they are
represented in the court, in the army, and in the administration.
Here also may be mentioned the Swedes, amounting to 286,000.

9. The Jews inhabit especially the former Kingdom of Poland, the
Western Governments, and the Crimea. Their number amounts to 3,000,000.
Among the Jews the Karaimite are noticeable, living in the governments
of Vilno, Volinia, Kovno, Kherson, and the Taurida. Among the Europeans
and Asiatics who have come in later times to settle in Russia, are
Greeks, amounting to 75,000, in the governments of New Russia and
Chernigov; French, Italians, and Englishmen, in the capitals and
chief commercial towns; Wallachians or Moldavians (now generally
included under the name of Roumanians), in Bessarabia; Albanians;
Gipsies, especially in the territory of Bessarabia, amounting to
50,000; Persians, to 10,000, etc.

_THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA_

_W. R. MORFILL_

I shall follow the divisions given in his first volume by Oustrialov.
He divides Russian history into two great parts, the ancient and
modern.

I. Ancient history from the commencement of Russia to the time of
Peter the Great (862-1689).

This first period is subdivided into (_a_) the foundation of Russia
and the combination of the Sclavonians into a political unity under
the leadership of the Normans and by means of the Christian Faith
under Vladimir and the legislation of Yaroslav.

According to the theory commonly received at the present day, the
foundation of the Russian Empire was laid by Rurik at Novgorod.
The name Russian seems to be best explained as meaning "the seamen"
from the Finnish name for the Swedes or Norsemen, Ruotsi, which
itself is a corruption of a Scandinavian wor