on
the increase. In 1898, 80,000 went and in 1901 from 150,000 to
200,000. There is also much emigration to the Southern Ural and
the Steppe provinces.

In European Russia, there is an average of a town or village to
every four or seven square miles, and in the Caucasus, one to every
nine square miles; but in Asiatic Russia the average varies; for
example, in Samarkand there is one to every fourteen square miles,
and in the province of Yakutsk, one to every 2,760 square miles.

The principal ports are St. Petersburg, Cronstadt, Narva, Riga,
Libau, Pernau and Vindau (on the Baltic); Hango (on the Gulf of
Bothnia); Revel, Helsingfoers and Wiborg (on the Gulf of Finland);
Archangel and Ekaterinsk (Arctic and White Seas); Odessa, Nicolaieff,
Sebastopol, Nova-Rossiisk, Berdiansk and Batoum, Taganrog, Marinpol,
Rostov and Kertch (on the Black Sea and Sea of Azov); Astrakhan,
Derbent and Baku (on the Caspian Sea); Nicolaieffsk, Vladivostok
and Petrapaulovsk in Kamtchatka; and Port Arthur and Dalni or
Ta-lien-wan (Gulf of Pechili), have been occupied since the
Russo-Chinese Treaty of 1898.

The established religion is the Russo-Greek, or Graeco-Russian, known
officially as the Orthodox Catholic Faith. It maintains the relations
of a sister church with the four patriarchates of Constantinople,
Antioch, Jerusalem and Alexandria. The Emperor is the head of the
church. The Russian Empire is divided into 64 bishoprics, under 3
metropolitans, 14 archbishops and 48 bishops; in 1898, there were
66,146 churches (718 of which were cathedrals), and 785 monasteries.
With the exception of the Jewish, all religions are allowed to be
professed. There are more than 12,000,000 dissenters scattered
throughout the Empire. The numbers are: Orthodox Greek, 87,384,480;
Dissenters, 2,173,738; Roman Catholic, 11,420,927; Protestants,
3,743,209; other Christians, 1,221,511; Mohammedans, 13,889,421;
Jews, 5,189,401; and other religions, 645,503. In 1903, the Holy
Synod received 28,388,049 roubles from the Imperial budget, besides
other revenue and gifts.

The Empire is divided into 15 educational districts: St. Petersburg,
Moscow, Kasan, Orenburg, Kharkoff, Odessa, Kief, Vilna, Warsaw,
Riga, Caucasus, Turkestan, West Siberia, East Siberia and Amur.
In some of the primary village schools, there are school-gardens,
while bee-keeping and silk-worm culture, as well as trades and
handiwork, are taught. In 1900, the Ministers contributed 51,062,842
rou