cupying the Governments round about Moscow, and from thence scattered
in the north to Novgorod and Vologda, on the south to Kiev and to
Voronezh, on the east to Penza, Simbirsk, and Viatka, and on the
west to the Baltic provinces. Moreover, the Great Russians, as
the ruling race, are to be found in small numbers in all quarters
of the Empire. They amount to about 40,000,000.

(2) Little Russians (Malorossiani), dwelling south of the Russians,
upon the shores of the Black Sea. These, together with the Rusniaks,
amount to 16,370,000.

The Cossacks come under these two races.

To the great Russians belong the Don Cossacks, with those sprung
from them--the Kouban, Stavropol, Khoperski, Volga, Mosdok, Kizlarski
and Grebenski.

[Illustration: SAMOYEDES OF NOVA ZEMBLA.]

To the Little Russian: the Malorossiiski, with those sprung from
them--the Zaporoghian, Black Sea (Chernomorski), and those of Azov
and of the Danube.

(3) The White Russians, inhabiting the Western Governments. Their
number amounts to 4,000,000.

(4) Poles, living in the former Kingdom of Poland and the Western
Governments of the Empire. Their number amounts to 5,000,000.

(5) Servians, Bulgarians, and other Slavs, inhabiting especially
Bessarabia and the country called New Russia. Their number reaches
150,000.

II. The Non-Sclavonic races comprise either original inhabitants
of the country who have been subdued by the Russians, or later
comers. Among races originally inhabiting the country, and subjugated
by the Russians, are included--the Lithuanians and Letts, the Finns,
the Samoyeds, the Mongol-Manzhurians, the races of eastern Siberia,
the Turko-Tartar, the Caucasian, the German, and the Hebrew.

1. The Lithu-Lettish race inhabits the country between the western
Dwina and the Nieman. In numbers they do not amount to more than
3,000,000. The Lithu-Lettish population is divided into the two
following branches:--

(a) The Lithuanians properly so called (including the Samogitans
or Zhmudes), who inhabit the Governments of Vilno, Kovno, Courland,
and the northern parts of those of Augustovo and Grodno (1,900,000).

(b) The Letts, who inhabit the Governments of Courland, Vitebsk,
Livonia, Kovno, Pskov, and St. Petersburg (1,100,000).

2. The Finnish race--known in the old Sclavonic chronicles under
the name of Chouds--at one time inhabited all the north-eastern part
of Russia. The Finns, according to the place of their habitation,
are divided