addressed in this particular instance to
Hon. L.Q.C. Lamar, "Commissioner, etc., St. Petersburg,
Russia," and dated Richmond, Jan. 15, 1863; published in the
_National Intelligencer_, March 31, 1863; cf. also the issues
of Feb. 19, 1861, April 2, 3, 25, 1863; also published in the
pamphlet, _The African Slave-Trade: The Secret Purpose_, etc.
The editors vouch for its authenticity, and state it to be in
Benjamin's own handwriting.

[89] L.W. Spratt of South Carolina, in the _Southern Literary
Messenger_, June, 1861, XXXII. 414, 420. Cf. also the
Charleston _Mercury_, Feb. 13, 1861, and the _National
Intelligencer_, Feb. 19, 1861.

[90] Captain Gordon of the slaver "Erie;" condemned in the
U.S. District Court for Southern New York in 1862. Cf. _Senate
Exec. Doc._, 37 Cong. 2 sess. I. No. 1, p. 13.

[91] _Ibid._, pp. 453-4.

[92] _Statutes at Large_, XII. 132, 219, 639; XIII. 424; XIV.
226, 415; XV. 58, 321. The sum of $250,000 was also
appropriated to return the slaves on the "Wildfire": _Ibid._,
XII. 40-41.

[93] _Statutes at Large_, XII. 368-9.

[94] _Senate Exec. Doc._, 37 Cong. 2 sess. I. No. 1, pp.
453-4.

[95] _Statutes at Large_, XII. 531.

[96] For a time not exceeding five years: _Ibid._, pp. 592-3.

[97] By section 9 of an appropriation act for civil expenses,
July 2, 1864: _Ibid._, XIII. 353.

[98] British officers attested this: _Diplomatic
Correspondence_, 1862, p. 285.

[99] _Report of the Secretary of the Navy_, 1866; _House Exec.
Doc._, 39 Cong. 2 sess. IV. p. 12.

[100] There were some later attempts to legislate. Sumner
tried to repeal the Act of 1803: _Congressional Globe_, 41
Cong. 2 sess. pp. 2894, 2932, 4953, 5594. Banks introduced a
bill to prohibit Americans owning or dealing in slaves abroad:
_House Journal_, 42 Cong. 2 sess. p. 48. For the legislation
of the Confederate States, cf. Mason, _Veto Power_, 2d ed.,
Appendix C, No. 1.

* * * * *

_Chapter XII_

THE ESSENTIALS IN THE STRUGGLE.

92. How the Question Arose.
93. The Moral Movement.
94. The Political Movement.
95. The Economic Movement.
96. The Lesson for Americans.

92. ~How the Question Arose.~ We have followed a chapter of history
which is of peculiar interest to the sociologist. Here was a r