he should either pay one hundred guilders or work at the
wheelbarrow two years with the negroes. This he obstinately refused to
do, though whipped on his back. After two or three days he was whipped
in private on his bare back, with threats that the whipping would be
repeated again after two or three days, if he should refuse to labor.
Upon this a letter was brought by an unknown messenger from a person
unknown to the Director-General. The import of this, (written in
English), was, Think, my Lord-Director, whether it be not best to send
him to Rhode Island, as his labor is hardly worth the cost.

(1) William Wickenden, of Rhode Island.

(2) Sink.

(3) Dorothy Waugh, afterward whipped at Boston, and Mary
Wetherhead.

(4) Robert Hodgson, who had come on the same ship with the
preceding. A contemporary Quaker writer attributes his
release to the intercession of Stuyvesant's sister, Mrs.
Anna Bayard. Persecution of Quakers and other sectaries in
New Netherland was continued by Stuyvesant, and finally
culminated in the case of John Bowne, of Flushing, a Quaker,
who has left us an interesting account of his suffering,
printed in the _American Historical Record_ I. 4-8.
Banished from the province and transported to Holland, Bowne
laid his case before the directors of the West India
Company, who reproved Stuyvesant by a letter in which they
said (April 16, 1663): "The consciences of men ought to
remain free and unshackled,... This maxim of moderation
has always been the guide of the magistrates in this city;
and the consequence has been that people have flocked from
every land to this asylum. Tread thus in their steps, and
we doubt not you will be blessed."

Since the arrival of De Wage from the South River [the Director?] has
again written to Joannes Ernestus Gutwasser to go away. On this he
presented a petition, a copy of which herewith transmitted, as also a
copy signed by several of the Lutheran denomination. We observe that
it is signed by the least respectable of that body, and that the most
influential among them were unwilling to trouble themselves with it.
Some assert that he has brought with him authority from the West India
Company to act as minister. Whether dismission and return will take
place without trouble remains to be seen.

We are at this time in great want of English ministers. It is more tha