Maritime Provinces, Quebec and
Eastern Ontario is much the same, except that in Nova Scotia a number of
species are found common also to Newfoundland that are not apparent
inland. Professor Macoun gives us a few notable species--_Calluna
vulgaris_, Salisb., _Alchemilla vulgaris_, L., _Rhododendron maximum_,
L., _Ilex glabia_, Gray, _Hudsonia ericoides_, L., _Gaylussacia dumosa_,
F. and G., and _Schezaea pusilla_, Pursh. In New Brunswick the western
flora begins to appear as well as immigrants from the south, while in
the next eastern province, Quebec, the flora varies considerably. In the
lower St Lawrence country and about the Gulf many Arctic and sub-Arctic
species are found. On the shores of the lower reaches _Thalictrum
alpinum_, L., _Vesicaria arctica_, Richards, _Arapis alpina_, L.,
_Saxifraga oppositifolia_, L., _Cerastium alpinum_, L., _Saxifraga
caespitosa_, L. and S. have been gathered, and on the Shickshock
Mountains of Eastern Canada _Silene acaulis_, L., _Lychnis alpina_, L.,
_Cassiope hypnoides_, Don., _Rhododendron laponicum_, Wahl, and many
others. On the summit of these hills (4000 ft.) have been collected
_Aspidium aculeatum_, Swartz var., _Scopulinum_, D.C. Eaton, _Pellaea
densa_, Hook, _Gallium kamtschaticum_, Sletten. From the city of Quebec
westwards there is a constantly increasing ratio of southern forms, and
when the mountain (so called) at Montreal is reached the representative
Ontario flora begins. In Ontario the flora of the northern part is much
the same as that of the Gulf of St Lawrence, but from Montreal along the
Ottawa and St Lawrence valleys the flora takes a more southern aspect,
and trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants not found in the eastern parts
of the Dominion become common. In the forest regions north of the lakes
the vegetation on the shores of Lake Erie requires a high winter
temperature, while the east and north shores of Lake Superior have a
boreal vegetation that shows the summer temperature of this enormous
water-stretch to be quite low. Beyond the forest country of Ontario come
the prairies of Manitoba and the North-West Territories. In the ravines
the eastern flora continues for some distance, and then disappearing
gives place to that of the prairie, which is found everywhere between
the Red river and the Rocky Mountains except in wooded and damp
localities. Northwards, in the Saskatchewan country, the flora of the
forest and that of the prairies intermingle. On the prair