in at the
Roman court of the Rota, and bishop of Oviedo; but the first really
systematic writer on the subject was Albericus Gentilis, _De
legationibus libri iii_. (London, 1583, 1585, Hanover, 1596, 1607,
1612). For a full bibliography of works on ambassadors see Baron
Diedrich H. L. von Ompteda, _Litteratur des gesammten sowohl
naturlichen als positiven Volkerrechts_ (Regensburg, 1785), p. 534,
&c., which was completed and continued by the Prussian minister Karl
Albert von Kamptz, in _Neue Literatur des Volkerrechts seit dem Jahre
1784_ (Berlin, 1817), p. 231. A list of writers, with critical and
biographical remarks, is also given in Ernest Nys's "Les Commencements
de la diplomatie et le droit d'ambassade jusqu'a Grotius," in the
_Revue de droit international_, vol. xvi. p. 167. Other useful modern
works on the history of diplomacy are: E. C. Grenville-Murray,
_Embassies and Foreign Courts, a History of Diplomacy_ (2nd ed.,
1856); J. Zeller, _La Diplomatie francaise vers le milieu du XVI^e
siecle_ (Paris, 1881); A. O. Meyer, _Die englische Diplomatie in
Deutschland zur Zeit Eduards VI. und Mariens_ (Breslau, 1900); and,
above all, Otto Krauske, _Die Entwickelung der standgien Diplomatie
vom funfzehnten Jahrhundert bis zu den Beschlussen von 1815 und 1818_,
in Gustav Schmoller's _Staats- und socialwissenschaftliche
Forschungen_, vol. v. (Leipzig, 1885). To these may be added, as
admirably illustrating in detail the early developments of modern
diplomacy, Logan Pearsall Smith's _Life and Letters of Sir Henry
Wotton_ (Oxford, 1907). Of works on modern diplomacy the most
important are the _Guide diplomatique_ of Baron Charles de Martens,
new edition revised by F. H. Geffcken, 2 vols. (Leipzig, 1866), and P.
Pradier-Fodere, _Cours de droit diplomatique_, 2 vols. (Paris, 1881).
(W. A. P.)

FOOTNOTES:

[1] La Bruyere, _Caracteres_, ii. 77 (ed. P. Jouast, Paris, 1881).

[2] To Wellesley, in Stapleton's _Canning_, i. 374.

[3] For the motives of Metternich's foreign policy see
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: _History_ (iii. 332-333).

[4] e.g. _A History of Diplomacy in the International Development of
Europe_, by D. J. Hill (London and New York, 1905).

[5] For this see Hinschius, _Kirchenrecht_, i. p. 498.

[6] The Venetians, however, in their turn, doubtless learned their
diplomacy originally from the Byzantines, with whom their trade
expa