ves its
consummation there in the death on the battlefield.

[1] The sea and the invincible might of Athens on the waves formed the
connecting ideas of the three dramas, _Phineus, Persae, Glaucus_. The
trilogy was produced in 473 or 472 B.C., whilst the memory of Salamis
was still fresh in every heart. The Phoenissae, the "Women of Sidon,"
a tragedy on the same theme by Phrynichus, had been acted five years
earlier. The distinction of these works lay in the presentation to the
conquering State of a great victory as a tragedy in the life of the
vanquished. The cry in the _Persae_, "+opaides hellenoite+", still
echoes with singular fidelity across 3,000 years in the war-song of
_modern_ Greece: "+deute paides ton hellenon+."

[2] Thus in speaking of the ancient life of the Teutonic peoples: "Doch
alles das (Neigung zum Kampf mit den Nachbarn und zu kriegerischen
Zuegen in die Ferne) hat nicht gehindert, dass, wo die Deutschen sich
niederliessen, alsbald bestimmte Ordnungen des oeffentlichen und
rechtlichen Lebens begruendet wurden."--_Verfassungsgeschichte_, 3rd
ed., i, p. 19; _cf._ also i, pp. 416-17: "Es hat nicht eigene
Kriegsvoelker gegeben, gebildet durch und fuer den Krieg, nicht
Kriegsstaaten in solchem Sinn, dass alles ganz und allein fuer den Krieg
berechnet gewesen waere, nicht einmal auf die Dauer Kriegsfuersten, deren
Herrschaft nur in Kriegfuehrung und Heeresmacht ihren Grund gehabt."

[3] The lapse of ages, enthusiasm, or carelessness, tribal jealousies
or the accidental predilections of an individual poet or historian,
combine to render the early history of the Arabs, so far as precision
in dates, the definite order and mutual relations of events,
characters, and localities are concerned, perplexing and insecure, or
tantalizing by the wealth of detail, impressive indeed, but eluding the
test of historical criticism. Their tactics and the composition of
their armies make the precise share of this or that general in
determining the result of a battle or a campaign difficult to estimate.
Yet by (he concord of authorities the glory of the overthrow of the
Empire of the Sassanides seems to be the portion, first of Mothanna,
who sustained the fortunes of Islam at a most critical hour, A.H.
13-14, and by his victory at Boawib just warded off a great disaster;
and secondly of Saad, the victor of Kadesia, A.H. 15, A.D. 636-7, the
conqueror and first administrator of Irak. The claims of Amr, or
Amrou, to