tepayers have no control, this being a violation
of the principle of civil and religious liberty, _and which_ the
memorialists believe would provoke a determined and conscientious
resistance."

Here _which_ ought grammatically to refer to "portion" or "schools."
But it seems intended to refer to "violation." Omit "and," or repeat
"a violation" before "which," or turn the sentence otherwise.

*10. Equivalents for Relative.*

*(_a_) Participle.*--"Men _thirsting_ (for 'men _that thirst_') for
revenge are not indifferent to plunder." The objection to the
participle is that here, as often, it creates a little ambiguity. The
above sentence may mean, "men, _when_ they thirst," or "_though_ they
thirst," as well as "men _that_ thirst." Often however there is no
ambiguity: "I have documents _proving_ this conclusively."

*(_b_) Infinitive.*--Instead of "He was the first _that_ entered" you
can write "_to_ enter;" for "He is not a man _who_ will act
dishonestly," "_to_ act." This equivalent cannot often be used.

*(_c_) Whereby, wherein, &c.,* can sometimes be used for "by _which_,"
"in _which_," so as to avoid a harsh repetition of "_which_." "The
means _whereby_ this may be effected." But this use is somewhat
antiquated.

*(_d_) If.*--"The man _that_ does not care for music is to be pitied"
can be written (though not so forcibly), "_If_ a man does not care for
music, he is to be pitied." It is in long sentences that this
equivalent will be found most useful.

*(_e_) And this.*--"He did his best, _which_ was all that could be
expected," can be written, "_and this_ was all that, &c."

*(_f_) What.*--"Let me repeat _that which_[9] you ought to know, that
_that which_ is worth doing is worth doing well." "Let me repeat,
_what_ you ought to know, that _what_ is worth doing is worth doing
well."

*(_g_) Omission of Relative.*--It is sometimes thought ungrammatical
to omit the relative, as in "The man (that) you speak of." On the
contrary, _that_ when an object (not when a subject) may be omitted,
wherever the antecedent and the subject of the relative sentence are
brought into juxtaposition by the omission.

*10 a'. Repeat the Antecedent in some new form, where there is any
ambiguity.* This is particularly useful after a negative: "He said
that he would not even hear me, _which_ I confess I had expected."
Here the meaning may be, "I had expected that he would," or "that he
would not, hear me." Write, "_a refusal_, or,