, 365-8; Government Ownership of Public
Utilities Is Not Socialism, 369; Double-Faced Socialists, 370; The
Burden of Proof Rests on the Socialist, 371; The "Lunatic"
Sophistry, 372; Sophistry That Labor Earns All Wealth, 373;
Vote-Getting by Advocating Popular Schemes, 375; Latest Dodge of
Red Organizations to Hide from Prosecution by Changing Their Names,
375; The Socialist Party Not a Real Workingmen's Party, 376.

CHAPTER XXV

THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE REDS 377

High Time to Fight the Reds, 377; Read and Circulate Anti-Socialist
Literature, 378; Warn Our School Children, 379; Quiz the Soap-Box
Orators, 380; Expel Socialist School Teachers, 380; Tasks for the
National Government, 381; Oppose Socialism in a Nation-Wide
Campaign of Education, 382.

INDEX 383

APPENDIX 391

Convention of the Socialist Party of the United States, May 8-14,
1920.

CHAPTER I

SOCIALISM IN OTHER LANDS

Modern Socialism may be said to date from the year 1848 when Marx and
Engels published their "Communist Manifesto," a pamphlet that has since
been translated into almost all modern European languages and has to
this day remained the classical exposition of international Socialism.

Karl Marx, the chief founder of the movement, was born of Jewish parents
at Treves, Germany, May 5, 1818. After studying at Jena, Bonn, and
Berlin, he became a private professor in 1841, and about a year later
assumed the editorship of the "Rhenish Gazette," a democratic-liberal
organ of Cologne, that was soon suppressed for its radical utterances.
In 1843 he moved to Paris where he became greatly interested in the
study of political economy and of early Socialistic writings and where
he subsequently made the acquaintance of Frederick Engels, his
inseparable companion and life-long friend.

Engels was born at Barmen, Rhenish Prussia, in 1820. He remained in
Germany until he had completed his military service, and then moved to
Manchester, England, where he engaged in the cotton business with his
father. In 1884, while traveling, he met Karl Marx, and was banished
with him from France in 1847, and expelled from Belgium in 1848, the
very year that witnessed the appearance of the "Communist Manifesto."
Not long after this,