rly, if
not fully, one million and a half. According to the census of 1870, the
actual population consisted of 929,199 white and 13,153 colored persons.
The native population was 523,238, and the foreign population 419,094.
The nationality of the principal part of the foreign element was as
follows:

From Number of persons.
Germany 151222
Ireland 201999
England 24432
Scotland 7554
France 8267
Belgium 328
Holland 1237
British America and Canada 4338
Cuba 1293
China 115
Denmark 682
Italy 2790
Mexico 64
Norway 373
Poland 2392
Portugal 92
Russia 1139
South America 213
Spain 464
Sweden 1569
Switzerland 2169
Turkey 38
Wales 587
West Indies 487

Besides those mentioned in this table, are representatives of every
nationality under heaven, in greater or less strength. It will be seen
that the native population is in the excess. The increase of natives
between 1860 and 1870, was 93,246. The Germans increased in the same
period at the rate of 32,936; while the Irish population fell off 1701 in
the same decade. The foreign classes frequently herd together by
themselves, in distinct parts of the city, which they seem to regard as
their own. In some sections are to be found whole streets where the
inhabitants do not understand English, having no occasion to use it in
their daily life.

In 1869, there were 13,947 births, 8695 marriages, and 24,601 deaths
reported by the city authorities. The authorities stated that they were
satisfied that the number of births was actually over 30,000; the number
reported by them being very incomplete, owing to the difficulty of
procuring such information.

Its mixed population makes New York a thoroughly cosmopolitan city, yet
at the same time it is eminently American. The native element exercises
a c