state west of the Great Lakes--the names of these four
champions should be engraved upon it.

[15] This claim will, I know, stagger preconceived ideas. In the light
of only Radisson's narrative, the third voyage has usually been
identified with Wisconsin and Minnesota; but in the light of the
_Jesuit Relations_, written the year that Radisson returned, to what
tribes could the descriptions apply? Even Parkman's footnote
acknowledged that Radisson was among the people of the Missouri. Grant
that, and the question arises, What people on the Missouri answer the
description? The Indians of the far west use not only coal for fire,
but raw galena to make bullets for their guns. In fact, it was that
practice of the tribes of Idaho that led prospectors to find the Blue
Bell Mine of Kootenay. Granting that the Jesuit account--which was of
course, from hearsay--mistook the use of turf, dry grass, or buffalo
refuse for a kind of coal, the fact remains that only the very far
western tribes had this custom.

[16] _Letters of Marie de l'Incarnation_.

[17] _Jesuit Relations_, 1658.

[18] See Marie de l'Incarnation, Dollier de Casson, and Abbe Belmont.

[19] _Jesuit Relations_, 1660.

[20] It may be well to state as nearly as possible exactly _what_
tribes Radisson had met in this trip. Those rejoined on the way up at
Manitoulin Island were refugee Hurons and Ottawas. From the Hurons,
Ottawas, and Algonquins of Green Bay, Radisson went west with
Pottowatomies, from them to the Escotecke or Sioux of the Fire, namely
a branch of the Mascoutins. From these Wisconsin Mascoutins, he learns
of the Nadoneceroron, or Sioux proper, and of the Christinos or Crees.
Going west with the Mascoutins, he comes to "sedentary" tribes. Are
these the Mandans? He compares this country to Italy. From them he
hears of white men, that he thinks may be Spaniards. This tribe is at
bitter war with Sioux and Crees. At Green Bay he hears of the Sautaux
in war with Crees. His description of buffalo hunts among the Sioux
tallies exactly with the Pembina hunts of a later day. Oldmixon says
that it was from Crees and Assiniboines visiting at Green Bay that
Radisson learned of a way overland to the great game country of Hudson
Bay.

[21] There is a mistake in Radisson's account here, which is easily
checked by contemporaneous accounts of Marie de l'Incarnation and
Dollier de Casson. Radisson describes Dollard's fight during his
fourth trip i