ris, 1875; _La
Bohemia limena de 1848 a 1860, Prologo de Poesias de
Ricardo Palma_, Lima, 1887; _Lira americana,_ Ricardo
Palma, Paris, 1865.

=193.=--Olmedo: see preceding note.

8. =A=, _with_.

=194.=--15-17. The following is a translation of a note to
these lines which is given in _Poesias de Olmedo_, Garnier
Hermanos, Paris, 1896: "Physicists have attempted to
explain the equilibrium that is maintained by the earth in
spite of the difference of mass in its two hemispheres"
(northern and southern). "May not the enormous weight
of the Andes be one of the data with which this curious
problem of physical geography can be solved?"

=195.=--4. The religion of the ancient Peruvians, before
they were converted to Christianity by the Spaniards, was
based on the worship of the sun. The chief temple of the
sun was at Cuzco.

25. Bolivar was a native of Caracas, Venezuela; but, when
this poem was written, Colombia comprised most of the
present States of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama and Ecuador.
Moreover, Colombia is probably used somewhat figuratively
by the poet to designate the "land of Columbus."

26. The Peruvians and the Colombians were allies. It is an
interesting fact that in the war for independence waged by
the Spanish Americans against Spain, the leaders of the
Americans were nearly all of Spanish descent, while the
majority of the rank and file of the American soldiery
was Indian. To this day, a majority of the population of
Spanish America, excepting only Chile, Argentina and the
West Indian Islands, is indigenous, and their poets still
sing of "indigenous America," but they sing in the Spanish
tongue! See p. 211, l. 7.
page 307
=196.=--21. See note to p. 162, l. 8. The Peruvian flag
has an image of the _sun_ in its center.

23. It is reported that the first onslaught of the
Spanish-American cavalry failed, partly by reason of their
impetuousness, and that they would probably have been
defeated if Bolivar had not rallied them and led them on
to victory.

=198.=--10. The battle of Junin began at about five
o'clock in the afternoon, and it is said that only night
saved the Spaniards from complete destruction.

11. =El dios oia=: destiny did not permit the god to stay
his course for an hour, but the god left behind him his
circlet of diamonds (the stars).

=199.=--=Mexico.= The Virreinato de Nueva Espana was a
favored colony