10}, is found in the bark of apple, pear,
cherry, plum, and similar trees. Mineral acids (but not emulsin) hydrolyze
it to glucose and _phloretin_ (C_{15}H_{14}O_{5}), according to the
equation

CH_{3}
C_{21}H_{24}O_{10} + H_{2}O = C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} + |
(OH)_{3}C_{6}H_{2}.CO.CH.C_{6}H_{4}OH.

It is used in medicine as a remedy for malaria, having marked anti-periodic
properties.

=Glycyphyllin=, C_{21}H_{24}O_{9}, found in leaves of Smilax, yields
rhamnose and phloretin, when hydrolyzed.

=Iridin=, C_{24}H_{26}O_{13} (glucose and irigenin), found in rootstocks of
Iris, is used in medicine as a cathartic and diuretic.

=Baptisin=, C_{26}H_{32}O_{14}.9H_{2}O (two rhamnose and baptigenin), found
in roots of wild indigo (_Baptisia_), has strong purgative properties.

=Hesperidin=, C_{50}H_{60}O_{27} (one rhamnose+two glucose+hesperitin), is
found in the pulp of lemons and oranges.

The characteristic phenol group which is present in these glucosides has
the following structural formula, in each case, the X indicating the H atom
which is replaced by the sugar molecule to form the glucoside:

Phloretin

/\ /\
/ \----C----CH------/ \
| | | | | |OX
HO| |OH O CH_{3} | |OH
\ / \ /
\/ \/

Irigenin

O
/ \
-CH_{2}-C-O--/\
/\ \ / \O.CH_{3}
/ \ O-| |
| | | |OX
CH_{3}O-| | \ /
\ / \/
O
|
CH_{3}

Hesperitin

/\ /\
/ \ / \
HO| |-CH=CH-C-| |OX
CH_{3}O| | | | |
\ / O \ /
\/ \/

THE ALCOHOL GL