"The Camomile shall teach thee patience
Which riseth best when trodden most upon."

FOOTNOTES:

[46:1] Lawson, "New Orchard," p. 54.

CARDUUS, _see_ HOLY THISTLE.

CARNATIONS.

(1) _Perdita._

The fairest flowers o' the season
Are our Carnations and streak'd Gillyvors,
Which some call Nature's bastards.

_Winter's Tale_, act iv, sc. 4 (81).

(2) _Polyxenes._

Then make your garden rich in Gillyvors,
And do not call them bastards.

_Ibid._ (98).

There are two other places in which Carnation is mentioned, but they
refer to carnation colour--_i.e._, to pure flesh colour.

(3) _Quickly._

'A could never abide Carnation; 'twas a colour he never liked.

_Henry V_, act ii, sc. 3 (35).

(4) _Costard._

Pray you, sir, how much Carnation riband may a man buy for a
remuneration?

_Love's Labour's Lost_, act iii, sc. 1 (146).

Dr. Johnson and others have supposed that the flower is so named from
the colour, but that this is a mistake is made very clear by Dr. Prior.
He quotes Spenser's "Shepherd's Calendar"--

"Bring Coronations and Sops-in-Wine
Worn of Paramours."

and so it is spelled in Lyte's "Herbal," 1578, coronations or
cornations. This takes us at once to the origin of the name. The plant
was one of those used in garlands (_coronae_), and was probably one of
the most favourite plants used for that purpose, for which it was well
suited by its shape and beauty. Pliny gives a long list of garland
flowers (_Coronamentorum genera_) used by the Romans and Athenians, and
Nicander gives similar lists of Greek garland plants (+stephanomatika
anthe+), in which the Carnation holds so high a place that it was called
by the name it still has--Dianthus, or Flower of Jove.

Its second specific name, Caryophyllus--_i.e._, Nut-leaved--seems at
first very inappropriate for a grassy leaved plant, but the name was
first given to the Indian Clove-tree, and from it transferred to the
Carnation, on account of its fine clove-like scent. Its popularity as an
English plant is shown by its many names--Pink, Carnation,
Gilliflower[48:1] (an easily-traced and well-ascertained corruption from
Caryophyllus), Clove, Picotee,[48:2] and Sops-in-Wine, from the flowers
being used to flavour wine and