assed over the head, signifies hope, the helmet of salvation; the alb,
purity; the maniple, patience in the bonds of suffering; the stole,
submission to the yoke of Christ, the chasuble, charity."

"The _Cope_ is a large semicircular cloak of silk or other stuff,
fastened in front by a clasp called a 'morse.' It is generally richly
embroidered. The length extends in the back to the feet, but it is
open in front, leaving the arms free. The cope is worn by priests in
solemn processions. It is not a Eucharistic vestment and does not
displace the chasuble at Celebrations. It is a symbol of rule, and is
appropriate to Bishops and others in authority. It is worn over the
alb or surplice."

The _Episcopal habit_ generally worn seems to have come into use in the
time of Queen Elizabeth. {112} Its use rests only upon custom. It
consists of "Rochet" and "Chimere." The rochet resembles an alb, but
is shorter and without sleeves. It is of lawn or fine linen. The
chimere is a dress of black satin, with white lawn sleeves.

The _Bishop's Staff_ is in shape like a shepherd's crook. It is often
highly ornamented, and may be adorned on the crook or top with jewels.

The _Mitre_ is a head-covering generally worn by Bishops with the cope.

The _Biretta_ is a square cap of black silk, or other stuff, worn by
the clergy in out-of-door functions.

_Hoods_ are symbols of university degrees attained by the wearer. They
are not strictly ecclesiastical. Each college or university has its
own hood for each degree conferred.

_The Sign of the Cross._--At the Ministration of Baptism the Church
directs that the sign of the Cross shall be made upon the forehead of
the baptized person, and declares that it knows "no worthy cause of
scruple concerning the same." In this it follows the mind of the
primitive Church, in which there was, "even in apostolic times, a
reverend estimation of the sign of the Cross, which the Christians
shortly after used in all their actions," as a sign that "they were not
ashamed to acknowledge {113} Him for their Lord and Saviour who died
for them upon the Cross." With the same "reverend estimation," "in
token that they are not ashamed to confess the faith of Christ
crucified," and in remembrance that all blessings have been purchased
by the "death of the Cross," it is also used by many persons at various
parts of the public service, as, for instance, at the beginning and
close of the service, at the en