of many a foreign port. There is a famous map of the city, dating back
to 1651, when the then Lord Deputy Clanricarde pledged the town to the
Duke of Lorraine. It shows a walled-in town with fourteen gates, each
guarded by a watch-tower.

[Illustration: _Photo, Lawrence, Dublin._ At Galway.]

In the twelfth century, when De Burgo conquered O'Connor, he made Galway
the citadel of his western possessions. During the next century there
gathered into the prosperous town from far and near adventurers and
merchants--the Blakes and the Bodkins, the Lynches, the Morrises, the
Martins, the Joyces, &c.; founders of the great families, whose names
have since been inseparable from Galway. In after times the clanship and
attachment of these families to their members and each other, drew from
the Scripture-loving Puritans the scornful appellation--"The Tribes of
Galway"; but the expression was afterwards adopted by the Galway men as
an honourable mark of distinction between themselves and their cruel
oppressors. In old times the merchant princes of the place were renowned
for their hospitality, which they carried to such an excess that the
civil authorities interfered with it, in 1518, with a law to the effect
that

"No man of this town shall oste or receive into their houses at
Christmas, Easter, nor no feaste elles, any of the Burkes,
MacWilliams, the Kellies, nor no cepte elles without license of
the Mayor and Councill, on payn to forfeit L5; that neither O nor
Mac shall strutte nor swaggere through the street of Gallway."

Indeed, the O's and Mac's seem to have made their history by more than
enjoying the hospitality of their neighbours, and what was not given
them willingly they at times took by the strength of their right hands.
Over the western gate of the city was the following meaningful
inscription:--

"From the fury of the O'Flaherties, good Lord, deliver us."

The trade with Spain was for centuries a source of great prosperity to
the town, and those familiar with the characteristics of Spanish
architecture will see much in Galway to remind them of it. The sympathy
of the townspeople seems always to have been with the leaders of forlorn
hopes in Irish history. It was almost destroyed by Ludlow for its
fidelity to the King in 1652, and having been rebuilt, it again fell
before the siege trains of the victorious Ginckle in 1691 after the
battle of Aughrim, the Culloden of Ireland. With the fall of the
Ja