was in the beginning subject to and under the protection of China, and
that now for some years, Japan has opened its eyes and adopted the
techniques of contemporary progress and civilization, promoting sciences
and industries of use to the public, and striving to the utmost of their
power and competence until public opinion was focused on reform. This
government has currently advanced to such a point that, although its
population is only one-sixth, or even one-tenth, that of China, it has
recently challenged the latter government, and China has finally been
forced to come to terms. Observe carefully how education and the arts of
civilization bring honor, prosperity, independence and freedom to a
government and its people.

It is, furthermore, a vital necessity to establish schools throughout
Persia, even in the smallest country towns and villages, and to encourage
the people in every possible way to have their children learn to read and
write. If necessary, education should even be made compulsory. Until the
nerves and arteries of the nation stir into life, every measure that is
attempted will prove vain; for the people are as the human body, and
determination and the will to struggle are as the soul, and a soulless
body does not move. This dynamic power is present to a superlative degree
in the very nature of the Persian people, and the spread of education will
release it.

As to that element who believe that it is neither necessary nor
appropriate to borrow the principles of civilization, the fundamentals of
progress toward high levels of social happiness in the material world, the
laws which effect thorough reforms, the methods which extend the scope of
culture--and that it is far more suitable that Persia and the Persians
reflect over the situation and then create their own techniques of
progress.

It is certain that if the vigorous intelligence and superior skill of the
nation's great, and the energy and resolve of the most eminent men at the
imperial court, and the determined efforts of those who have knowledge and
capacity, and are well versed in the great laws of political life, should
all be combined, and all should exert every effort and examine and reflect
over every detail as well as on the main currents of affairs, there is
every likelihood that because of the effective plans they would evolve,
some situations would be thoroughly reformed. In the majority of cases,
however, they would still be obliged t