e "East Coast" route to Scotland. Serving all ports
and coast stations from Hull to Berwick, also Carlisle, &c. Owning
extensive docks at Hull, Middlesbrough, South Shields, the
Hartlepools, Blyth, &c.

_Lancashire & Yorkshire_ (1847, an amalgamation of a number of local
systems).--Offices, Manchester. Main line--Manchester, Rochdale,
Tormorden, Wakefield and Normanton, with branches to Halifax,
Bradford, Leeds, Huddersfield and other centres of the West Riding.
Extensive system in south Lancashire, connecting Manchester with
Preston and Fleetwood (where the docks and steamship services to
Ireland are worked jointly with the London & Northwestern company),
Southport, Liverpool, &c.

Among further provincial systems there should be mentioned:--

_Cambrian._--Offices, Oswestry. Whitchurch, Oswestry, Welshpool to
Barmouth and Pwllheli, Aberystwyth, &c.

_Cheshire Lines_, worked by a committee representative of the Great
Central, Great Northern and Midland Companies, and affording important
connexions between the lines of these systems and south Lancashire and
Cheshire (Godley, Stockport, Warrington, Liverpool; Manchester and
Liverpool; Manchester and Liverpool to Southport; Godley and
Manchester to Northwich and Chester, &c.).

_Furness._--Offices, Barrow-in-Furness. Carnforth, Barrow, Whitehaven,
with branches to Coniston, Windermere (Lakeside), &c. Docks at Barrow.

_North Staffordshire._--Offices, Stoke-upon-Trent. Crewe and the
Potteries, Macclesfield, &c., to Uttoxeter and Derby.

_Cross-Country Connexions._--While London is naturally the principal
focal point of the English railway system, the development of through
connexions between the chief lines by way of the metropolis is very
small. Some through trains are provided between the North-Western and
the London, Brighton & South Coast lines via Willesden Junction,
Addison Road and Clapham Junction; and a through connexion by way of
Ludgate Hill has been arranged between main line trains of the
South-Western and the Great Northern railways, but otherwise
passengers travelling through London have generally to make their own
way from one terminus to another. Certain cross-country routes,
however, are provided to connect the systems of some of the companies,
among which the following may be noticed.

(1) Through connexions with the continental services from Harwich, and
with Yarmouth an