d.

On removing the body from the water we should not waste time by
attempting to drain the water from the victim's mouth, as the amount of
this substance that enters the air-passages under such circumstances is
so trifling that it may be entirely disregarded. The drowned person
should be placed face down upon the ground with the head slightly turned
to the left, and we should begin at once with artificial respiration.

_Artificial Respiration._--This is accomplished by the operator kneeling
between the separated legs of the patient and placing his hands on the
small of his back, the thumbs nearly meeting at the middle of the spine,
and the other fingers spread out over the lower portion of the chest; the
operator then sways his body downward and forward slowly, counting three
during the movement, then quickly swinging backward releasing the
pressure on the patient's chest; again count three and repeat the
original movement. The pressure should be brought to bear from twelve to
fourteen times a minute, and the movement should be kept up until the
patient begins to show evidences of being restored, or until it is quite
evident that life is extinct.

This system of artificial respiration was originated by Professor
Schafer, as the head of a commission appointed by the British
Government, and is now universally regarded as being by far the most
satisfactory of all such methods.

In the accompanying figures are shown the positions assumed by the
patient and operator while carrying on artificial respiration.

It should be remembered that the victims of accidents of this kind suffer
considerably from lowering of the temperature of the body as a
consequence of the long exposure to water, and we should, therefore, also
direct our attention toward bringing about an immediate reaction by means
of warm blankets and hot bottles, and by vigorous rubbing of the
patient's body.

_Danger from Wounds._--Wounds may be produced by a great variety of
objects, but chiefly, of course, by cutting instruments. Where they are
caused by duller objects, producing more or less tearing and bruising of
the tissues, they are more apt to be followed by infection with
disease-producing germs than where smoothly cut, and consequently require
greater care in treatment. Germs sufficient to produce death may be
introduced into the body by the most minute wound; it is for example well
known that fatal consequences have resulted from the bites of vario