on, language or religion."

The coddled Indian, with all the vices of the white man open to him, has
made little, if any, progress, while the Negro, made to work, has held
his own in large measure at least.

Under slavery three general fields of service were open to the blacks.
The first comprised the domestic and body servants, with the
seamstresses, etc., whose labors were in the house or in close personal
contact with masters and mistresses. This class was made up of the
brightest and quickest, mulattoes being preferred because of their
greater aptitude. These servants had almost as much to do with the
whites as did the other blacks and absorbed no small amount of learning.
Yet the results were not always satisfactory. A southern lady after
visiting for a time in New York said on leaving:[6]

"I cannot tell you how much, after being in your house so long, I
dread to go home, and have to take care of our servants again. We
have a much smaller family of whites than you, but we have twelve
servants, and your two accomplish a great deal more and do their
work a great deal better than our twelve. You think your girls are
very stupid and that they give much trouble, but it is as nothing.
There is hardly one of our servants that can be trusted to do the
simplest work without being stood over. If I order a room to be
cleaned, or a fire to be made in a distant chamber, I can never be
sure I am obeyed unless I go there and see for myself.... And when
I reprimand them they only say that they don't mean to do anything
wrong, or they won't do it again, all the time laughing as though
it were a joke. They don't mind it at all. They are just as playful
and careless as any wilful child; and they never will do any work
if you don't compel them."

The second class comprised the mechanics, carpenters, blacksmiths,
masons and the like. These were also a picked lot. They were well
trained ofttimes and had a practical monopoly of their trades in many
localities. In technical knowledge they naturally soon outstripped their
masters and became conscious of their superiority, as the following
instance related by President G. T. Winston shows:

"I remember one day my father, who was a lawyer, offered some
suggestions to one of his slaves, a fairly good carpenter, who was
building us a barn. The old Negro heard him with ill-concealed
disgust,