about B.C. 305, conducted an expedition across the
Indus, he found this monarch established in the tract between the Indus
and the Ganges, ruling over extensive dominions and at the head of
a vast force. It is uncertain whether the two rivals engaged in
hostilities or no. At any rate, a peace was soon made; and Seleucus, in
return for five hundred elephants, ceded to Sandracottus certain lands
on the west bank of the Indus, which had hitherto been regarded as
Macedonian. These probably consisted of the low grounds between the
Indus and the foot of the mountains--the districts of Peshawur, Bunnoo,
Murwut, Shikarpoor, and Kurrachee--which are now in British occupation.
Thus Hellenism in these parts receded more and more, the Sanskritic
Indians recovering by degrees the power and independence of which they
had been deprived by Alexander.

This state of things could not have been pleasing to the Greek princes
of Bactria, who must have felt that the reaction towards barbarism in
these parts tended to isolate them, and that there was a danger of their
being crushed between the Parthians on the one hand and the perpetually
advancing Indians on the other. When Antiochus the Great, after
concluding his treaty with Euthydemus, marched eastward, the Bactrian
monarch probably indulged in hopes that the Indians would receive a
check, and that the Greek frontier would be again carried to the Indus,
if not to the Sutlej. But, if so, he was disappointed. Antiochus,
instead of making war upon the Indians, contented himself with renewing
the old alliance of the Seleucidae with the Maurja princes, and
obtaining a number of elephants from Sophagesenus, the grandson of
Sandracottus. It is even possible that he went further, and made
cessions of territory in return for this last gift, which brought the
Indian frontier still nearer than before to that of Bactria, At any
rate, the result of the Indian expedition of Antiochus seems to have
been unsatisfactory to Euthydemus, who shortly afterwards commenced what
are called "Indian Wars" on his south-eastern frontier, employing in
them chiefly the arms of his son, Demetrius. During the latter years
of Euthydemus and the earlier ones of Demetrius, the Bactrian rule was
rapidly extended over the greater portion of the modern Afghanistan; nor
did it even stop there. The arms of Demetrius were carried across the
Indus into the Punjaub region; and the city of Euthymedeia upon the
Hydaspes remained to