. J.
Hilton's 'Chronograms' (1882) and 'Chronograms Continued' (1885) are
often of great assistance with regard to dates. In 1895 this
indefatigable collector published a third volume, quarto, containing more
than four thousand additional examples. For mere lists of works upon
definite subjects one may consult Sargant and Whishaw's 'Guide-Book to
Books' (1891) and 'The Best Books,' by W. S. Sonnenschein.

[Sidenote: Pseudonyms.]

For the identification of authors who wrote under a pseudonym you will
find 'A Handbook of Fictitious Names,' by 'Olphar Hamst' (which was the
pseudonym of Ralph Thomas) useful. It was published in 1868. But this has
been partly superseded by Cushing's 'Initials and Pseudonyms,' large
octavo, London, 1886; and the valuable work of Emil Weller, entitled
'Lexicon Pseudonymorum,' of which the second edition was published at
Regensburg the same year, in octavo. This contains thousands of
pseudonyms of all nations and all ages. Cushing also published 'A
Dictionary of Revealed Authorship,' in two volumes, 1890. Then there is
the valuable 'Dictionary of the Anonymous and Pseudonymous Literature of
Great Britain,' by Halkett and Laing, which appeared in four octavo
volumes between 1882 and 1888. Mr. F. Marchmont's 'Concise Handbook of
Literature issued Anonymously under Pseudonyms or Initials,' appeared in
1896.

Antoine Barbier's 'Dictionnaire des Ouvrages Anonymes et Pseudonymes' was
published first in four octavo volumes at Paris so long ago as 1806-8. A
second edition was put forth in 1822-27. But between 1869 and 1879 a
third edition, revised and enlarged, was incorporated with 'Les
Supercheries Litteraires Devoilees' of Joseph Marie Querard (the second
edition), the whole being edited by MM. Gustave Brunet and Olivier
Barbier, and issued in seven large octavo volumes. The first three
volumes (1869-70) appeared under the title of Querard's work, the last
four (1872-9) under that of Barbier. Querard's work, which first appeared
in four octavo volumes, 1847-52, is, as its title indicates, a dictionary
of those books in French which have been published under fictitious
names, are spurious, or have been wrongly ascribed. It is valuable for
the identification of many fictitious memoirs and like books. Barbier's
work deals with French anonymous and pseudonymous books. De Manne's
'Nouveau Dictionnaire des Ouvrages Anonymes et Pseudonymes,' octavo,
Lyon, 1862, deals chiefly with contemporary French wor