s won by scalade; and the city of Milan
submitted to the infant, though the Austrian garrison still maintained
the citadel; all Piedmont, on both sides of the Po, as far as Turin, was
reduced, and even that capital threatened with a siege; so that by the
month of October the territories belonging to the house of Austria, in
Italy, were wholly subdued; and the king of Sardinia stripped of all his
dominions; yet he continued firm and true to his engagements, and deaf
to all proposals of a separate accommodation.

THE ENGLISH TAKE CAPE BRETON

The naval transactions of Great Britain were in the course of this
year remarkably spirited. In the Mediterranean, admiral Rowley had
succeeded Matthews in the command; Savona, Genoa, Final, St. Remo, with
Bastia, the capital of Corsica, were bombarded; several Spanish ships
were taken; but he could not prevent the safe arrival of their rich
Havannah squadron at Corunna. Commodore Barnet, in the East Indies, made
prize of several French ships richly laden; and commodore Townshend, in
the latitude of Martinico, took about thirty merchant ships belonging
to the enemy, under convoy of four ships of war, two of which were
destroyed. The English privateers likewise met with uncommon success.
But the most important achievement was the conquest of Louisbourg on
the isle of Cape Breton, in North America; a place of great consequence,
which the French had fortified at a prodigious expense. The scheme
of reducing this fortress was planned in Boston, recommended by their
general assembly, and approved by his majesty, who sent instructions
to commodore Warren, stationed off the Leeward Islands, to sail for the
northern parts of America, and co-operate with the forces of New England
in this expedition. A body of six thousand men was formed under the
conduct of Mr. Pepperel, a trader of Piscataquay, whose influence
was extensive in that country; though he was a man of little or no
education, and utterly unacquainted with military operations. In April
Mr. Warren arrived at Canso with ten ships of war; and the troops of New
England being embarked m transports, sailed immediately for the isle of
Cape Breton, where they landed without opposition. The enemy abandoned
their grand battery, which was detached from the town; and the immediate
seizure of it contributed in a good measure to the success of the
enterprise. While the American troops, reinforced by eight hundred
marines, carried on their