ad vis'er
vouch'er rid'er own'er as sign'er
wres'tler dy'er rul'er in vei'gler

Lesson 145.

Words formed by the Affixes er or or.

be gin'ner la'bor er nav'i ga tor
in dors'er rea'son er ded'i ca tor
de sert'er li'bel er cal'cu la tor
dis turb'er wag'on er spec'u la tor
u surp'er con'quer or pros'e cu tor
con duct'or for'eign er cul'ti va tor
tor ment'or cus'tom er mul'ti pli er
en chant'er mur'der er nu'mer a tor
sup port'er gov'ern or gen'er a tor
ag gress'or pen'sion er ra'di a tor

Lesson 146.

In adjectives, er is generally added to form the comparative, and est to
form the superlative; as, rich, richer, richest.

strict'er fierc'est wealth'i er wor'thi est
broad'er slow'est greed'i er read'i est
bright'er gaunt'est drear'i er haugh'ti est

Ly is an abbreviation of like; as manly for man-like, or like a man. Ly is
still further shortened into y; as, rock, rocky.

bright'ly eas'y heav'i ly thor'oug ly
gay'ly earth'y heart'i ly might'i ly
no'bly speed'y read'i ly has'ti ly
wind'y spon'gy tar'di ly stead'i ly

Lesson 147.

Ness is from the Saxon nesse, and means state or quality; as, neatness,
state of being neat.

bleak'ness smooth'ness come'li ness
fierce'ness numb'ness drow'si ness
hoarse'ness wrong'ness naught'i ness
calm'ness sweet'ness wea'ri ness

The termination full adds its own meaning to the word; as, joyful, full of
joy. The final l is omitted in the derivatives.

change'ful mourn'ful skill'ful fan'ci ful
fright'ful woe'ful will'ful pit'i ful
spite'ful wrath'ful aw'ful du'ti ful

Lesson 148.

The termination less gives a negative meaning to the derivative; as
graceless, without grace.

brain'less sight'less friend'less worth'less
cease'less soul'less head'less house'less
guile'less friut'less guilt'less noise'less

The affix age signifies the pay for, a state of being, or composed of; as
cartage, the pay for carting.

mar'riage fer'ri age vag'a bond age
herb'age her'mit age dis ad van'tage
wharf'age pat'ron age es'pi on age

Lesson 149.

The suffix al signifies relating to; an signifies pertaining to; ant and
ent, in many instances, signify the agent or doer.

tid'al com'ic al me dic'i nal
ur'ban pub