he _Pedro Primiero_ to Para only, well knowing that a belief
in her speedy return to Maranham would have a salutary influence in
maintaining public peace.

Intelligence of the reduction of Maranham, and the annexation of that
province, together with the province of Para, to the empire, was
received at Rio de Janeiro with surprise and delight;--surprise, that,
in less than six months, without military force, and, in truth, with one
ship of war only, so much had been effected--and delight that the Empire
was cleared of its enemies without the expense and uncertainty of
expeditions which had been calculated on. All Brazilians were eager to
vie with each other in the expression of entire satisfaction with my
exertions.

His Imperial Majesty was pleased to reward the services rendered, by
creating me Marquis of Maranhao, as the fittest title to commemorate the
advantages gained for the empire, at the same time awarding me an estate
commensurate with the dignity of the honours conferred; the "Assemblea
Geral, Constituente e Legislativa" adding a vote of thanks in the name
of the nation. The estate, however, _was never given_, notwithstanding
that, at Maranham, and in other of the Northern provinces, numerous fine
properties, appertaining to the Portuguese Crown, were added to the
Imperial domain. The inconsistency of this was remarkable, seeing that I
had been the means of adding to Brazil a territory larger than half
Europe--for which service I was warmly thanked by the Emperor, his
Ministers, and also by the General Assembly--the latter body,
nevertheless, refusing to confirm the gift of even so minute a portion
of the vast territory unexpectedly added to the Empire.

The subjoined is the Imperial order, elevating me to the Marquisate:--

His Majesty the Emperor, taking into consideration the great services
which your Excellency has just rendered to the nation by assisting to
liberate the city of Bahia from the unjust Lusitanian yoke, and
afterwards wisely aiding the honourable inhabitants of the province
of Maranham in throwing off the said foreign domination, so that they
were enabled, according to their desire, to acknowledge His Majesty
as their constitutional Emperor; and desiring to give your Excellency
a public testimonial of gratitude for these great and extraordinary
services (_per estse altos e extraordinarios servicos_) on behalf of
the generous Brazilian people, who will ever pre