, is all that ought to be permitted.
From three to four minutes is long enough time to doff any frame with
four doffers. The first frame should be filled to a gauge astride the
bobbin. Do not go by the clock, as the yarn is sometimes heavy. This
gauge is the best guide I ever had in doffing.

SPEED OF CYLINDER.

26. How to get speed of cylinder. See what main line runs; then get
diameter of counter pulley that carries the cylinder below. The pulley
above is called a driver. Then multiply the speed of main line by
diameter of counter pulley that carries the cylinder, and divide that
by the diameter of the pulley that is on the cylinder, which is called
the driven. Then to get speed of spindles, get diameter of cylinder,
and multiply the speed of cylinder by diameter of cylinder, and
divide that by the diameter of the whorl.

SPEEDING PULLEYS.

27. To know what pulley will drive your cylinder faster or slower.
Multiply the speed you would like to have it run, by diameter of
pulley overhead, that carries the cylinder, and divide that by the
speed you are now running. Will give you pulley required.

TAKING UP BELTS.

28. To know how to take up a belt, when you change pulleys. If your
belt is tight enough with the pulley you now have on, for every inch
that your pulley is smaller than you now have on, take out one inch
and three-quarters of belting. If larger, right the reverse.

TWISTS.

29. To know what number of twists to the inch, for any number of yarn.
On warp, multiply the square root of the number by 5. Frame filling by
4, and mule filling by 3-1/4. For every ten numbers below thirty take
away two twist to the inch. For every ten numbers above thirty, add
two.

SQUARE ROOT.

30. Square Root of numbers from 18 to 30.--These twists are within a
fraction.

/$
+---------+---------+---------------+----------------+
| NUMBERS | SQ ROOT | Warp Twist | Filling Twist |
+---------+---------+---------------+----------------+
| 13 | 3.605 | 15 per inch | 11-1/2 per inch. |
| 14 | 3.741 | 15-1/2 " " | 12 " " |
| 18 | 4.242 | 19 " " | 15 " " |
| 19 | 4.359 | 19-1/2 " " | 15 " " |
| 20 | 4.472 | 20-1/2 " " | 15-1/2 " " |
| 21 | 4.582 | 21 " " | 16 " " |
| 22 | 4.690 | 21-1/2 " " | 16-1/2 " " |
| 23 | 4.796 | 22 " " | 17 " " |
|