little Way from the Shore, enjoyed perfect Health.--Dr.
_Pringle's Observat. on the Diseases of the Army_, p. 1.
chap. vii.--In _July_ and _August_ 1744, two Ships, belonging
to Admiral _Long_'s Squadron in the _Mediterranean_, lying
near the Mouth of the River _Tyber_, began to be affected,
while others, though at a very small Distance, but further
out at Sea, had not a Man sick. _Lind_, _ibid._ p. 66.

Cleanness and Neatness in the Camp is another Article that ought to be
particularly regarded. _Portius_, _Ramazini_, and most other Authors
who treat of Camp Diseases, attribute those of the putrid Kind in a
great Measure to the Stench and putrid Effluvia arising from the
Excrements of Men and Beasts, and from the dead Bodies of Men, Horses,
and other Animals, lying unburied in the Neighbourhood of Camps, and
have in a particular Manner mentioned the Necessity of burying such
putrid Substances. Dr. _Pringle_ has very justly recommended the
Digging of Deep Pits for Privies in Camp, and covering the Excrements
with Earth daily[142] till the Pits are near full, and then to fill
them up with Earth, and dig new ones; and to punish every Person who
shall ease himself any where in Camp but in the Privies: And he
remarks, that when the Camp begins to turn unhealthy, that often the
only Means that will preserve the Health of the Men, is to change the
Ground, and to leave behind all the Filth and Nastiness which gave
Rise to those putrid Disorders.

[142] The divine Lawgiver _Moses_ has enjoined Cleanliness in
the Camp to the _Jews_ in a particular Manner, when he says,

"Thou shalt have a Place also without the Camp, whither thou
shalt go forth abroad; and thou shalt have a Paddle upon thy
Weapon, and it shall be when thou wilt ease thyself abroad
thou shalt dig therewith, and shalt turn back and cover that
which cometh from thee. For the Lord thy God walketh in the
Midst of thy Camp; therefore shall thy Camp be holy, that he
see no unclean Thing in thee, and turn away from thee."
_Deuteronomy_, chap. xxiii. verses 12, 13, 14.

In fixed Camps, the striking the Tents at Mid-Day in fair Weather,
and turning and airing the Straw, and changing it often, as
recommended by Dr. _Pringle_, will contribute much to preserve the
Health of the Men; and making the Men wash themselves daily, and
change their Linen often, and keep themselves otherwise clean, ought
never to be