rs being superior to villeins. (Introd. _Domesday Book_,
by C. Gowen Smith, 1870).

{13c} Barristers are said to have been first appointed by Edward I.,
A.D. 1291.

{16a} Among the Lincoln Cathedral Charters is an imperfect one, which
mentions her "Castle of Tornegat (can this be a corruption for
Horncastle?), her land at Wicham in Chent (Kent?), at Carlton and Torleby
(Thurlby) in Lincolnshire," _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1901, p.
22. There is a notice of her in the _Dictionary of National Biography_,
vol. I.

{16b} This Geoffrey Gairmar is himself rather an interesting figure in
local history. He is mentioned in the Rolls Series, 91, i, ii (Ed. Hardy
and Martin, 1888-9), as the author of _L'estorie des Engles_, a rhyming
chronicle, based chiefly on the _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_, and Geoffrey of
Monmouth (between A.D. 1135 and 1147). He undertook his work at the
request of Custance, wife of Ralph Fitz Gilbert; the latter held the
manor of Scampton near Lincoln, and Geoffrey was probably a Norman who
lived in that parish. He quotes _The Book of Washingborough_ and _The
Lay of Haveloc the Dane_, relating to Grimsby. He does not directly
mention Horncastle, but shews acquaintance with the neighbourhood by
celebrating the burial of King Ethelred at Bardney.

{16c} Camden's _Britannia_, pp. 45, 288, 529.

{16d} _History of Lincoln_, 1816, p. 138.

{16e} Camden, p. 88. A Lincoln Chancery Inquisition (Oct. 31, 1503)
shows that on the death of Anne, daughter and heir of Edmund Cheney,
owning the manors of Tothill, Gayton, Riston, and Theddlethorpe, Robert
Willoughby, Lord Broke, was declared to be her kinsman and heir.

{16f} Dugdale, vol. ii, p. 336. D. Mon, ii, p. 646. (_Architectural
Society's Journal_, 1895, p. 23).

{17a} Dugdale _Baronage_, p. 39.

{17b} Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No 14, m. 1, 3 Ed. I., A.D., 1274-5. A
Pipe Roll also, 1 Richard I., A.D. 1189-90, mentions "Gerbod de Escalt as
paying a tale of 80 pounds in Horncastre."

{17c} Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 37 Henry III., No. 36 (3 Nov. 1252), and
ditto, No. 38, same date. Gerard de Rhodes is also named in a
Chancellor's Roll, 3 John, A.D. 1201-1, as paying certain fees for
Horncastle. He is also named in the document above quoted (Hundred
Rolls, Lincoln, 14, m. 1) as succeeding to the manor on the demise of
Gerbald de Escald.

{17d} Feet of Fines, 9 Henry III., No. 52, Lincoln.

{18a} Quo Warranto Roll, 9 Ed. I., 15 June,